类比是在教学或演讲时，常常根据两个对象某些属性的相同，推出它们的其他属性也可能相同的间接推理。如荷兰物理学家惠更斯曾运用类比推理提出了光波的概念。光和声这两类现象具有一系列相同的性质，即直线传播、有反射、折射和干扰现象，而声波有波动性。他由此推出结论 The analogy is when teaching or speaking, often based on the same properties of two objects, inferring that their other attributes may also be the same. For example, Dutch physicist Huygens used analogical reasoning to propose the concept of light waves. The two phenomena of light and sound have the same series of properties, namely straight-line propagation, reflection, refraction and interference, while sound waves have fluctuations. He thus concluded