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目的分析医务人员发生职业暴露的危险因素,探讨防护措施。方法回顾性调查某医院2013年1月-2014年12月发生职业暴露的医务人员的职业分布、工龄、暴露方式、环节、暴露源等监测内容。结果 107名职业暴露者中以护士和护生为主,占53.3%和24.3%;工龄<5年的医务人员为主,共84名,占78.5%;暴露环节主要为输液后拔针和整理用后锐器物,占45.8%和28%;暴露源以乙肝表面抗原阳性最多,占34.6%。发生暴露后相关医务人员均能及时处理,随访未发现医务人员感染情况。结论低年资护士是发生职业暴露的高危人群。加强职业防护知识培训,提高防护意识,是减少职业暴露发生的关键。
Objective To analyze the risk factors of occupational exposure to medical personnel and to discuss the protective measures. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted on the occupational distribution, length of service, methods of exposure, aspects, sources of exposure and other sources of occupational exposure to medical staff in a hospital from January 2013 to December 2014. Results Among the 107 occupational exposures, 53.3% and 24.3% were mainly nurses and nursing students. Among them, 84 were medical workers with a working experience of less than 5 years, accounting for 78.5% of the total. Among them, After using sharp objects, accounting for 45.8% and 28%; exposure to hepatitis B surface antigen positive, accounting for 34.6%. Relevant medical personnel can be promptly dealt with after the exposure, and no medical staff infection was found during follow-up. Conclusion Low-age nurses are at high risk of occupational exposure. Strengthening occupational protection knowledge training and raising awareness of prevention are the keys to reducing occupational exposure.