科技动员——古今中外皆有之 马克思指出:“科学技术是特殊的生产力,是一种知识形态的生产力。”如果说,当今科技称为第一生产力,那么,在军事领域,科技堪称“知识形态的第一战斗力”。 科学技术动员,是指为保障战争对科学技术的需要,国家统一组织和调整科技力量所采取的措施和行动。其内容有:开发、研制先进武器装备,输送专业技术人才,提供技术保障,增加战争技术含量等。 科技动员是随科学技术发展应用而发展起来的一门科学。古代政治家、军事家非常重视将科学技术用于军事。例如将冶炼、浇铸、金属加工等技术应用于冷兵器制造等等;唐朝末年火药开始应用于军事,宋、元、明时期陆续制造了火球、火箭、火铳、火枪等武器。火药技术于13-14世纪传到欧洲,引起了战术上的重大变化。第一次世界大战前,发达国家注重组织科技人员秘密研制新式武器装备。第二次世界大战期间,各参战国更加重视科学技术动员。德国战前就组织工程 Mobilization of science and technology - Marxism, ancient and modern both at home and abroad, states: “Science and technology are special productive forces and an intellectual form of productive forces.” If today’s science and technology are called primary productive forces, then in the military field science and technology are called “ The first battle of knowledge form ”. Mobilization of science and technology refers to the measures and actions taken by the state to unify the organization and adjust the scientific and technological forces in order to guarantee the war’s needs for science and technology. Its contents include: developing and developing advanced weapons and equipment, transporting professional and technical personnel, providing technical support and increasing the technological content of the war. Science and technology mobilization is a science developed with the development and application of science and technology. Ancient statesmen and military strategists attached great importance to using science and technology for military purposes. For example, smelting, casting, metal processing and other technologies used in the manufacture of cold weapons and so on; the late Tang Dynasty gunpowder began to be used in military, Song, Yuan, Ming and one after another to create fireballs, rockets, fireworks, guns and other weapons. Gunpowder technology spread to Europe from the 13th to the 14th centuries, causing major changes in tactics. Before the First World War, the developed countries paid attention to organizing secret research and development of new types of weapons and equipment by scientific and technological personnel. During the Second World War, all participating and participating nations paid more attention to the mobilization of science and technology. Germany organized a project before the war