从总体上来说,美国的科研机构可分为三种类型:一、联邦政府所有,联邦政府管理类这类实验室的研究方向是以基础研究为主,研究领域比较广泛,也涉及部分应用研究。主要靠政府拨款支持其日常的基础研究活动,也有一部分靠基金会支持。应用研究则通过合同方式受有关部门委托进行。除了日常的研究与开发工作外,这类实验室还受政府委托向中小企业推广新技术,帮助中小企业培训技术人员等。 Generally speaking, the research institutes in the United States can be divided into three types: First, the research directions of the federal government-owned and federal government management laboratories are mainly based on basic research and are widely studied. Some applied research . Mainly rely on government funding to support its daily basic research activities, but also part of the foundation to support. Applied research is commissioned by the relevant departments by way of contract. In addition to their daily R & D efforts, such laboratories are also commissioned by the government to promote new technologies to SMEs and help SMEs to train technicians.