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大豆是重要的粮食、油料和饲料作物,是生活生产的重要原料。磷素作为大豆生长发育必不可少的元素之一,在大豆植株的生长发育、产量形成等方面都起着至关重要的作用。国内外学者研究结果显示:施用磷肥可以增加大豆植株抗旱、抗倒伏性;增加植株对矿质元素的吸收,促进干物质积累和产量形成。为合理施用磷肥促进产量增加、提高籽粒品质做出了显著贡献,为农业生产提供理论依据。对磷素对大豆的抗逆性、养分代谢、生理特性、农艺性状、干物质积累、产量和品质的影响进行了综述,旨在为磷肥的合理施用及大豆磷高效育种提供理论参考。
Soybean is an important food, fuel and feed crops, is an important raw material for life production. As one of the indispensable elements of soybean growth and development, phosphorus plays a crucial role in the growth and yield of soybean plants. The results of domestic and foreign scholars showed that the application of phosphate fertilizer can increase the drought resistance and lodging resistance of soybean plants, increase the absorption of mineral elements and promote the accumulation of dry matter and yield formation. It has made a significant contribution to the rational application of phosphate fertilizer to promote the increase of yield and improve the grain quality and provide the theoretical basis for agricultural production. The effects of phosphorus on soybean stress resistance, nutrient metabolism, physiological characteristics, agronomic traits, dry matter accumulation, yield and quality were reviewed in order to provide a theoretical reference for the rational application of phosphate fertilizer and the efficient soybean breeding.