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用分布于21个连锁群上的78个微卫星标记(SSR),对我国5029份普通小麦初选核心种质进行基因型分析,收集了40万条SSR数据.以此为基础,采用适当调整的分层分组代表性取样法(即分区取样时,对材料遗传多样性高的地区略增加取样量,反之略减少取样量;著名品种、重要育种亲本和携带稀有等位变异的材料优先入选),构建了由1160份材料组成的小麦核心种质(库),其中地方品种762份、育成品种348份、国外引进品种50份.核心种质占初选核心种质的23.1%,占整体种质(23090份)的5%,遗传代表性估计值为91.5%.核心种质中地方品种的遗传多样性明显高于育成品种.群体遗传结构及主坐标分析均显示我国地方品种和育成品种是两个相对独立的组群.来源于不同生态区的地方品种遗传分化十分明显,而育成品种分化相对较弱.此外还构建了由231份材料组成的微核心种质,其占整体种质的1%,但遗传代表性估计值接近70%.最后就核心种质构建的意义和取样策略进行了讨论.
Using 78 microsatellite markers (SSRs) distributed on 21 linkage groups, the genotypes of 5029 primary wheat germplasm in China were genotyped and 400,000 SSR data were collected. Based on this, (Ie sub-sampling, slightly increase the sample size for the areas with high genetic diversity, and reduce the sampling amount slightly; the famous varieties, the important breeding parents and the materials carrying rare allelic variation are preferentially selected) , And constructed core wheat germplasm (library) consisting of 1,160 materials, of which 762 were local varieties, 348 were bred varieties and 50 were imported from abroad.The core collection accounts for 23.1% of the primary core collection, 5% of the quality (23090 copies) and 91.5% of the genetic representation.The genetic diversity of the local varieties in the core collection was significantly higher than that in the breeding varieties.The genetic structure and major coordinates of the populations showed that the local varieties and the breeding varieties in China were Two relatively independent groups.The genetic differentiation of local cultivars from different ecoregions was obvious, while the differentiation of breeding varieties was relatively weak.In addition, a micro-core germplasm consisting of 231 materials was constructed, 1%, Genetic representative estimate of close to 70%. Finally, a discussion on the meaning and core collection of the sampling strategy.