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采用砂培方法,在温室内将一年生核桃(Juglans regia)嫁接苗木和绿豆(Vigna radiata)进行间作,研究绿豆对核桃苗木生长、水分平衡和光合特性的影响。该研究设有5种处理,即:对照(核桃单作,正常供应氮素);核桃单作,不添加氮素;核桃绿豆间作,不添加氮素;核桃绿豆间作,正常供应氮素;绿豆单作,不添加氮素。结果显示:种植绿豆可以增加土壤氮含量和核桃茎内氮含量,但对核桃叶和根系中的氮含量影响不明显。种植绿豆显著增加不施氮核桃的高生长和直径生长,但降低了正常供氮核桃的生长。无论种植绿豆与否,不供氮处理降低了核桃的总叶面积,提高了根冠比。核桃叶片气孔气体交换对各处理的响应和生长有相同的趋势。缺氮显著降低了核桃叶柄在中午的导水率、提高了导水损失率;种植绿豆显著提高不供氮核桃的导水率而且明显降低了其导水损失率。然而,种植绿豆使正常供氮的核桃降低了导水率,加剧了导水损失率。同时,绿豆受到间作的竞争压力,产量和生物量有所下降。由研究结果可知,在贫瘠的土壤上,固氮植物绿豆改善了间作的核桃的氮营养,有益于核桃木质部发育、水分平衡以及光合代谢。但是在氮充足的土壤中,种植绿豆反而降低了核桃的水分供应,影响其气体交换和生长。
Sand culture was used to intercrop the grafted Juglans regia seedlings and Vigna radiata in the greenhouse to study the effects of mung bean on the growth, water balance and photosynthetic characteristics of walnut seedlings. There were five treatments in the study, namely: control (single crop of walnut, normal supply of nitrogen); single crop of walnut without adding nitrogen; intercropping with walnut mung bean without adding nitrogen; intercropping of walnut mung bean with normal supply of nitrogen; Single, do not add nitrogen. The results showed that planting mung bean could increase soil nitrogen content and nitrogen content in walnut, but had no obvious effect on nitrogen content in walnut leaves and roots. Planting mung bean significantly increased the high growth and diameter growth of non-nitrogen-applied walnut, but reduced the growth of normal nitrogen-supplying walnut. Regardless of planting mung bean or not, the non-nitrogen treatment reduced the total leaf area of walnut and increased the ratio of root to shoot. The response of walnut leaf stomatal gas exchange to each treatment had the same trend. Nitrogen deficiency significantly reduced the water conductivity of walnut petiole at noon and increased the water loss rate. Growing mung bean significantly increased the water conductivity of non-nitrogen-containing walnut and significantly reduced its water loss rate. However, the planting of mung bean reduced the normalized nitrogen supply of walnut, which aggravated the water loss rate. At the same time, mung bean was under inter-crop competition pressure, yield and biomass declined. The results show that in the barren soil, the nitrogen-fixing plant mung bean can improve the nitrogen nutrition of the intercropping walnut, which is beneficial to the walnut xylem development, water balance and photosynthesis metabolism. However, in sufficient nitrogen soil, planting mung bean instead reduced the water supply of walnut, affecting its gas exchange and growth.