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市民社会是不道德的社会,因而从启蒙时期开始就有许多思想家开始思考如何把市民社会转化成一个道德化社会的问题。弗格森的转化方案是恢复古代社会的所谓“公民美德”;斯密在对市民社会的分析中提出了作为“内心的那个人”的道德情操,同时辅之以“看不见的手”去达成市民社会的道德化;黑格尔凭借其辩证法优势而提出了超越市民社会道德话题的设想。在黑格尔的思想中,其实包含着一个通向当代公共性问题的理论胚芽。
Civil society is an unethical society, and so many thinkers since the Enlightenment began to ponder how to turn civil society into a moral society. Ferguson’s transformation program is to restore the so-called “civic virtue” of ancient society. In his analysis of civil society, Smith proposed the moral sentiment as the “inner person”, supplemented by “invisible” Hand "to achieve the morality of civil society; Hegel with his dialectical advantages and put forward the idea of going beyond the moral topics of civil society. In Hegel’s thought, in fact, contains a theoretical germ leading to contemporary public issues.