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目的分析成都市公共卫生临床医疗中心2011-2015年收治的手足口病病例的流行病学及病原学特征,为该病的防治提供参考依据。方法采用描述性研究方法,对成都市公共卫生临床医疗中心收治的8 409例手足口病患者临床资料、病原学检测资料进行分析。结果 2011-2015年我中心收治的手足口病患儿发病高峰在4~7月,次高峰为9~11月。发病人数以龙泉区(18.29%)、成华区(8.77%)、锦江区(8.37%)最多,发病人群以散居为主(77.21%),发病年龄集中于1岁~3岁的儿童,1岁是发病高峰年龄(41.96%),男女性别比为1.59∶1。2011-2013年病原检测以EV71(28.72%、29.1%、33.21%)为主,2014年以Cox A16(22.58%)为主,2015年则以其他肠道病原感染(38.66%)为主。结论手足口病疫情仍高居不下,EV71与重型手足口病的发病率密切相关;应将1岁~3岁儿童作为重点防控人群,以春、夏、秋季三季为主要防控季节。预防重症手足口病,病原学检测结果尤为重要。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Chengdu Public Health Clinical Center from 2011 to 2015, and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of this disease. Methods A descriptive study was conducted to analyze the clinical and pathogenic data of 8 409 hand, foot and mouth disease patients admitted to Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center. Results The incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease in our center during 2011-2015 peaked from April to July with the next peak from September to November. The number of patients in Longquan District (18.29%), Chenghua District (8.77%), Jinjiang District (8.37%), the incidence of diaspora (77.21%), the age of onset concentrated in 1 to 3 years old children, 1 year old (41.96%), male to female ratio was 1.59: 1. The prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in 2011-2013 was mainly EV71 (28.72%, 29.1%, 33.21%), with Cox A16 (22.58%) in 2014, In 2015, other intestinal pathogens (38.66%) were predominant. Conclusion The prevalence of hand-foot-mouth disease is still high. The incidence of EV71 is closely related to the incidence of HFMD. Children aged 1 to 3 years should be the key prevention and control population. Spring, summer and autumn should be the main control season. Prevention of severe hand-foot-mouth disease, etiological test results are particularly important.