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本文建议用不恒定流的理论,代替传统的恒定流的理论,来进行闸门开启过程的水力要素的计算。此时,用不恒定流理论求出的某一瞬时的水深为ht,按恒定流理论求出的相应瞬时的水深为hδ,两者的比值为η=ht/hδ。当闸门全部开启的历时为20分钟时通过最大流量瞬时两种水深之比为η=0.493+1006.43×i。这样,流量Q设和水深ht=η·hδ的组合就是水闸消能防冲设计中的最不利组合。
This paper proposes to use the theory of unsteady flow instead of the traditional theory of constant flow to calculate the hydraulic elements of gate opening process. At this moment, the water depth of a certain instant obtained by the unsteady flow theory is ht, and the corresponding instantaneous water depth obtained by constant flow theory is hδ, the ratio of the two is η = ht / hδ. When the gate is fully open for a duration of 20 minutes through the maximum flow instantaneous ratio of the two kinds of water depth is η = 0.493 +1006.43 × i. In this way, the combination of flow rate Q and water depth ht = η · hδ is the most unfavorable combination of sluice energy dissipation and erosion prevention design.