论文部分内容阅读
一、相关短语
1. the third biggest city第三大城市
2. part of ... ……的一部分
3. break away from脱离，摆脱
4. be famous/well-known as作为……而著名
5. approximately/about大约
6. official language官方语言
7. serve as担任，充当
8. with the development of随着……发展
9. mild climate气候温和
10. as well （as）和，也
11. on the top of在……顶端
12. at the foot of在……脚下
13. try one’s utmost to do sth. 尽某人最大的努力做某事
14. a harmonious society一个和谐的社会
15. be supposed to do 应该做
二、必备句型
1. Located/Situated/ Lying in the European Continent， the United Kingdom consists of four countries.联合王国位于欧洲大陆，由四个国家组成。
2. Covering /With an area of approximately 7434 square kilometers， Guangzhou is famous as Flower City.广州占地面积约7434平凡公里，以“花城”著称。
3. There are many beautiful mountains and rivers as well as rich natural resources in China.中国有很多美丽的山川河流以及丰富的自然资源。
4. Sydney， the largest city in Australia， has many places of interest， among which the Opera House is well-known all over the world.悉尼是澳大利亚最大城市。有许多名胜，其中悉尼歌剧院闻名于世。
5. Hu Guangyan， surrounded by trees， is one of the tourists attractions with beautiful scenery.湖光岩是一个四周有树木环绕的旅游景点之一。
6. Great changes have taken place in China in the past 20 years.中国近20年来发生了翻天覆地的变化。
三、典型例题
例题一：基础写作
假设你是某报社记者，需简要报道中国政府进行西部大开发（China Western Development）的有关情况。
[写作内容]
范围：6个省，5个自治区（autonomous regions），1个直 辖市（municipality）
面积：685万平方公里
人口：3.67亿
交通建设：修建多条公路、铁路
环境保护：退耕还林；防止污染
资源利用：开发利用其丰富的天然资源
人才引进：广纳各类专家、技术人员
[过程指导]
第一步，认真审题。
1. 审文体：介绍________，是说明文。
2. 审时态：以____________时为主。
3. 审人称：以第____人称为主。
4. 审要点：认真看看方框内外的信息，以便分组规划。
第一步，认真审题。
1. 审文体：提供建议，是________文。
2. 审时态：以_______________为主。
3. 审人称：以第______人称为主。
4. 审要点：认真看看所提供的建议，以便分组规划。
第二步，信息分组。
根据各信息点之间的逻辑顺序等将信息点分为5组，以便用5个句子来表达。（在题中用笔圈出即可）
第三步，信息表达。
以上每组信息点用一个英语句子来表达，必要时添加恰当的主语等成分，使句子结构完整。
第四步，连句成篇。
将以上5个句子合并成一篇连贯的短文，必要时添加适当的过渡衔接词。
第五步，检查核对。
第六步，规范誊写。
例题二：读写任务
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Nelson Mandela ，an anti-apartheid（反种族隔离） activist and the first black president of South Africa ，was a famous freedom fighter who devoted his whole life to fighting for rights for black people in South Africa. By doing this he set an example for the rest of the world.His message was that black people should not be separated but should be treated in the same way as other people. From 1964 to 1990， Mandela was imprisoned for 27 years for opposing South Africa’s white minority government and its policy of racial separation， known as racial-apartheid（种族隔离）. Following his release from prison on 11 February 1990， Mandela helped lead the transition towards multi-racial democracy in South Africa.
Since the end of apartheid， many have frequently praised Mandela， including his former opponents. Mandela has received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1993. Mandela was elected the country’s president in 1994， who held office for five years. Mandela’s autobiography， Long Walk to Freedom， was published in 1994， and he had already changed the whole of society in South Africa.
[写作内容]
1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容；
2. 以约120个词发表你的感想和看法，内容包括：
（1）你如何评价Nelson Mandela；
（2）请举出一个为人民争取自由而牺牲的伟人；
（3）你觉得自由是否值得我们去追求。
[过程指导]
写概要
1. 分析文体类别：阅读材料为记叙文，写概要主要是要抓住某人做了某事，结果如何。
2. 找出关键词句：写概要前，应在文中找出：
某人：__________________________
做了何事：__________________________
结果如何：__________________________
3. 组合关键词句：
谈看法
要点⑴：首先写出主题句：我认为曼德拉是一位值得我们尊敬的伟人，因为他为自由之战奉献了他的一生精力。然后具体：他不仅给南非的黑人带来了权力和自由，而且让整个世界都拥有了自由和平等的观念。
要点⑵：首先写出主题句：很多伟人为了争取人民的自由而奋斗一生，甚至有一些人献出了宝贵的生命。然后举例说明孙中山一生都致力于为旧中国的人们大众争取权利和自由。
要点⑶：首先写出主题句：就我而言，自由对于全世界的人们来说都很重要。然后再提出具体的看法：没有自由，生命将毫无意义。自由值得人们追逐。
根据以上提示，完成自己的写作：
四、摸拟演练
练习一：基础写作
假如你是周凯，住在丰县，你的英国笔友Bob来信谈到他所居住的城市，并希望了解你家乡丰县的情况。
[写作内容]
请你用英语写一封回信，内容包括：
面积：2200多平方公里
人口：约93万
历史：至今有500多年的历史
地理：位于长江边，风景优美，适合居住
旅游：风景秀丽，旅游资源丰富
成就：近十年来，经济发展迅速；新建了很多设施如学
校、医院、住房和超市
Dear Bob，
It’s very kind of you to write to me and let me know about your beautiful city. Now I’d like to tell you something about my hometown Fengxian County.
…
Sincerely Yours，
Zhou Kai
练习二：读写任务
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
In April 1956， the Tibet Autonomous Region was set up in accordance with the Central Government’s decision. The Tibet Autonomous Region was formally founded in 1965， with Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme as the first chairman of the Region.
The regional autonomy system has further guaranteed the political rights of the Tibetan people， which is in marked contrast to the situation in old Tibet. The Tibetan people， like the people of all other ethnic groups throughout the country， have become the masters of their state and society， and won the political rights enjoyed by all citizens as stipulated in the Chinese Constitution and law. They elect their own deputies and exercise the power to administer state and local affairs through the people’s congresses elected by them.
Since the beginning of the 1990s educational， cultural and health work in Tibet has been further improved， and this has further promoted the people’s right to education， culture and health protection. People of all ethnic groups in Tibet are constructing the new Tibet with one heart and one mind. All people， Chinese and foreign， has realized the fact that Tibet is part of China.
[写作内容]
1. 以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2. 以约120个词就“西藏问题”发表看法，要点包括：
（1）西藏自古以来就是中国的领土；
（2）西藏在经济、文化等方面的发展状况；
（3）你认为应该怎样去维护国家的和平统一以及为国家作贡献。
（作者单位：徐闻县第一中学）
1. the third biggest city第三大城市
2. part of ... ……的一部分
3. break away from脱离，摆脱
4. be famous/well-known as作为……而著名
5. approximately/about大约
6. official language官方语言
7. serve as担任，充当
8. with the development of随着……发展
9. mild climate气候温和
10. as well （as）和，也
11. on the top of在……顶端
12. at the foot of在……脚下
13. try one’s utmost to do sth. 尽某人最大的努力做某事
14. a harmonious society一个和谐的社会
15. be supposed to do 应该做
二、必备句型
1. Located/Situated/ Lying in the European Continent， the United Kingdom consists of four countries.联合王国位于欧洲大陆，由四个国家组成。
2. Covering /With an area of approximately 7434 square kilometers， Guangzhou is famous as Flower City.广州占地面积约7434平凡公里，以“花城”著称。
3. There are many beautiful mountains and rivers as well as rich natural resources in China.中国有很多美丽的山川河流以及丰富的自然资源。
4. Sydney， the largest city in Australia， has many places of interest， among which the Opera House is well-known all over the world.悉尼是澳大利亚最大城市。有许多名胜，其中悉尼歌剧院闻名于世。
5. Hu Guangyan， surrounded by trees， is one of the tourists attractions with beautiful scenery.湖光岩是一个四周有树木环绕的旅游景点之一。
6. Great changes have taken place in China in the past 20 years.中国近20年来发生了翻天覆地的变化。
三、典型例题
例题一：基础写作
假设你是某报社记者，需简要报道中国政府进行西部大开发（China Western Development）的有关情况。
[写作内容]
范围：6个省，5个自治区（autonomous regions），1个直 辖市（municipality）
面积：685万平方公里
人口：3.67亿
交通建设：修建多条公路、铁路
环境保护：退耕还林；防止污染
资源利用：开发利用其丰富的天然资源
人才引进：广纳各类专家、技术人员
[过程指导]
第一步，认真审题。
1. 审文体：介绍________，是说明文。
2. 审时态：以____________时为主。
3. 审人称：以第____人称为主。
4. 审要点：认真看看方框内外的信息，以便分组规划。
第一步，认真审题。
1. 审文体：提供建议，是________文。
2. 审时态：以_______________为主。
3. 审人称：以第______人称为主。
4. 审要点：认真看看所提供的建议，以便分组规划。
第二步，信息分组。
根据各信息点之间的逻辑顺序等将信息点分为5组，以便用5个句子来表达。（在题中用笔圈出即可）
第三步，信息表达。
以上每组信息点用一个英语句子来表达，必要时添加恰当的主语等成分，使句子结构完整。
第四步，连句成篇。
将以上5个句子合并成一篇连贯的短文，必要时添加适当的过渡衔接词。
第五步，检查核对。
第六步，规范誊写。
例题二：读写任务
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Nelson Mandela ，an anti-apartheid（反种族隔离） activist and the first black president of South Africa ，was a famous freedom fighter who devoted his whole life to fighting for rights for black people in South Africa. By doing this he set an example for the rest of the world.His message was that black people should not be separated but should be treated in the same way as other people. From 1964 to 1990， Mandela was imprisoned for 27 years for opposing South Africa’s white minority government and its policy of racial separation， known as racial-apartheid（种族隔离）. Following his release from prison on 11 February 1990， Mandela helped lead the transition towards multi-racial democracy in South Africa.
Since the end of apartheid， many have frequently praised Mandela， including his former opponents. Mandela has received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1993. Mandela was elected the country’s president in 1994， who held office for five years. Mandela’s autobiography， Long Walk to Freedom， was published in 1994， and he had already changed the whole of society in South Africa.
[写作内容]
1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容；
2. 以约120个词发表你的感想和看法，内容包括：
（1）你如何评价Nelson Mandela；
（2）请举出一个为人民争取自由而牺牲的伟人；
（3）你觉得自由是否值得我们去追求。
[过程指导]
写概要
1. 分析文体类别：阅读材料为记叙文，写概要主要是要抓住某人做了某事，结果如何。
2. 找出关键词句：写概要前，应在文中找出：
某人：__________________________
做了何事：__________________________
结果如何：__________________________
3. 组合关键词句：
谈看法
要点⑴：首先写出主题句：我认为曼德拉是一位值得我们尊敬的伟人，因为他为自由之战奉献了他的一生精力。然后具体：他不仅给南非的黑人带来了权力和自由，而且让整个世界都拥有了自由和平等的观念。
要点⑵：首先写出主题句：很多伟人为了争取人民的自由而奋斗一生，甚至有一些人献出了宝贵的生命。然后举例说明孙中山一生都致力于为旧中国的人们大众争取权利和自由。
要点⑶：首先写出主题句：就我而言，自由对于全世界的人们来说都很重要。然后再提出具体的看法：没有自由，生命将毫无意义。自由值得人们追逐。
根据以上提示，完成自己的写作：
四、摸拟演练
练习一：基础写作
假如你是周凯，住在丰县，你的英国笔友Bob来信谈到他所居住的城市，并希望了解你家乡丰县的情况。
[写作内容]
请你用英语写一封回信，内容包括：
面积：2200多平方公里
人口：约93万
历史：至今有500多年的历史
地理：位于长江边，风景优美，适合居住
旅游：风景秀丽，旅游资源丰富
成就：近十年来，经济发展迅速；新建了很多设施如学
校、医院、住房和超市
Dear Bob，
It’s very kind of you to write to me and let me know about your beautiful city. Now I’d like to tell you something about my hometown Fengxian County.
…
Sincerely Yours，
Zhou Kai
练习二：读写任务
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
In April 1956， the Tibet Autonomous Region was set up in accordance with the Central Government’s decision. The Tibet Autonomous Region was formally founded in 1965， with Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme as the first chairman of the Region.
The regional autonomy system has further guaranteed the political rights of the Tibetan people， which is in marked contrast to the situation in old Tibet. The Tibetan people， like the people of all other ethnic groups throughout the country， have become the masters of their state and society， and won the political rights enjoyed by all citizens as stipulated in the Chinese Constitution and law. They elect their own deputies and exercise the power to administer state and local affairs through the people’s congresses elected by them.
Since the beginning of the 1990s educational， cultural and health work in Tibet has been further improved， and this has further promoted the people’s right to education， culture and health protection. People of all ethnic groups in Tibet are constructing the new Tibet with one heart and one mind. All people， Chinese and foreign， has realized the fact that Tibet is part of China.
[写作内容]
1. 以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2. 以约120个词就“西藏问题”发表看法，要点包括：
（1）西藏自古以来就是中国的领土；
（2）西藏在经济、文化等方面的发展状况；
（3）你认为应该怎样去维护国家的和平统一以及为国家作贡献。
（作者单位：徐闻县第一中学）