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不发达国家经济发展的障碍是:(1)资本缺乏;(2)“社会抵制的因素”——包括制度结构、态度、“宗派主义”等经济发展的文化障碍物;(3)土地制度;(4)“政府造成的不安全”——包括“破坏性的赋税、通货膨胀、没收和政治报复的恐惧,并导致窖藏、资金外逃、对土地而不对生产事业进行投资”等;(5)公共行政的缺陷;(6)动员和配置资源方面的困难。克服这些障碍的方法是:(1)鼓励储蓄,重点放在设立小储蓄者的存款机构、安全和高度灵活性上;(2)控制投资,把资本从投机、不动产转向工业、农业和服务方面,使前者对潜在投资者的吸引力小些,后者大些;(3)通货膨胀,这是最简单同时也是最危险的方法;(4)赋税,通过赋税积累资金并把它所起的压抑作用缩减到最低限度;特别重要的是吸取农村的一部分收入。此外,国家推销机构也是一部强大的资本积累机器。
Obstacles to economic development in underdeveloped countries are: (1) lack of capital; (2) “social resistance” - cultural barriers that include economic development such as institutional structure, attitudes, and “sectarianism”; (3) land regimes; (4) “insecurity caused by the government” - including “the fear of devastating taxation, inflation, confiscation and political retaliation, and leading to cofferdams, capital flight and investments in land but not in production”; Public administration deficiencies; and (6) Difficulties in mobilizing and allocating resources. The ways to overcome these obstacles are: (1) to encourage savings, with a focus on establishing depositors’ safeguards and high levels of flexibility; (2) to control investments and to shift capital from speculative and immovable property to industry, agriculture and services , Making the former less attractive to potential investors, the latter being larger; (3) Inflation, which is the simplest and most dangerous way; (4) Taxation, accumulation of taxes through taxation and its Repression is minimized; it is especially important to draw a share of the rural income. In addition, the national marketing agency is also a powerful capital accumulation machine.