在国家制度的革新中,经济制度往往会首当其冲。制定新的经济政策,从而富国强兵,成了清末新政的突破口。。近代以来,中国积贫积弱,古老而又封闭的社会经济制度与强行闯入的西方资本主义发生巨大的碰撞。随着一系列抗击西方霸权斗争的失败,尤其是中日甲午战争战败之后,清政府和绝大多数士绅终于开始认真反思中国的制度问题,并清醒地认识到中国落后的原因,首要的还不在于物质层面,而是制度设计及其背后的核心理 In the reform of the state system, the economic system tends to bear the brunt. Formulating a new economic policy so that the rich and the powerful would become the breakthrough point of the new policy at the end of the Qing dynasty. . Since the modern times, China has had a huge accumulation of poverty, an ancient and closed social and economic system, and a huge collision with Western capitalism forced into. With a series of failed defeats in the struggle against Western hegemony, especially after the defeat of the Sino-Japanese Jia Wu war, the Qing government and most of the gentry have finally started to seriously reflect on the issue of China’s system and clearly understand the reasons for the backwardness of China. The first and foremost are not yet It is the material level, but the system design and the core rationale behind it