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目的了解合肥市2004年流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)高发的原因,为制订预防控制策略提供依据。方法对流脑病例的流行病学、临床、实验室检测资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果合肥市2004年共发生流脑69例,发病率为1.50/10万,较前5年平均发病率上升了10倍。经实验室和流行病学诊断的病例C群占20.29%,A群占18.84%,其余为临床诊断的未分型病例。对1 171名密切接触者咽拭子采样检测平均带菌率为8.28%;其中以初中生和高中生带菌率为高,分别为14.07%和14.76%。所带菌群以C群最高,平均为4.27%;死亡病例和爆发病例的密切接触者中,C群带菌率分别为30.1%和14.7%。结论做好流脑的临床诊治和预防控制,必须开展流脑的病原学检测,并对密切接触者进行带菌检测,有针对性的采取预防控制措施。
Objective To understand the causes of high incidence of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis (meningitis) in Hefei in 2004, and to provide evidence for the development of prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis of epidemiological, clinical and laboratory testing data of patients with meningitis. Results A total of 69 cases of meningitis occurred in Hefei in 2004 with a prevalence of 1.50 / 100 000, an increase of 10-fold from the previous 5 years. Case C and group B accounted for 20.29% and 18.84%, respectively, for the laboratory and epidemiological diagnosis. The remaining cases were undifferentiated cases of clinical diagnosis. The average incidence of pharyngeal swab sampling in 1 171 close contacts was 8.28%. Among them, the rates of high-school students were 14.07% and 14.76% respectively. The group C with the highest bacterial population, with an average of 4.27%; deaths and cases of outbreaks of close contacts, the C group of bacteria were 30.1% and 14.7%. Conclusions To do the clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention and control of meningitis, it is necessary to carry out the etiological detection of meningococcal meningitis and to carry out the detection of bacteria in close contacts and to take targeted preventive and control measures.