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弄清相依关系,是小学数学应用题教学中的一个不可缺少的组成部分。但是,不少教师对此并不重视,以致学生分析应用题的能力较差,往往见题就忙于下笔计算,影响应用题的准确解答。例如,“有25个同学,计划积肥1000担,结果平均每人积52担,超额完成多少?”作业中,发现是这样计算的:第一步:1000担÷25=40担;第二步:52担-40担=12担。显然,这样的算法,既没有从“问题”出发进行分析,也没有弄清已知条件和未知条件之间的相依关系。由此可见,在应用题教学中,教师除应帮助学生理解、掌握有关概念和术语外,还必须注意引导学生弄清已知条件和未知条件之间的相依关系及各数量间的相依关系。一切复合应用题,都是由两个以上的简单应用题组成的。学生对简单的应用题能否熟练进行解答,直
To clarify the relationship of dependency is an indispensable part of the teaching of mathematics in primary school. However, many teachers do not attach importance to this, resulting in poor ability of students to analyze the application of the question, often see the title is too busy calculating, affecting the exact answer to the application questions. For example, “There are 25 students plan to accumulate 1000 pigs, the result is an average of 52 pigs per person, exceeding the number of completed?” Operation, found to be calculated as follows: The first step: 1000 ÷ 25 = 40 Tam; : 52 Tam-Tam Tam = 12 Tam. Obviously, such an algorithm does neither proceed from the “problem” analysis nor does it clarify the interdependencies between known and unknown conditions. Therefore, in addition to helping students understand and master the relevant concepts and terminology, teachers must also guide students to clarify the interdependence between known and unknown conditions and the interdependence between the quantities. All composite application questions, are composed of more than two simple application questions. Students can easily answer simple questions, straight