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稻田为鱼类等水产生物提供生境,稻田养鱼在提高水稻产量的同时,通过控制病虫害的暴发以及充分利用养分来降低化肥农药的使用.但田鱼对稻田资源的摄食(浮游植物、杂草、浮萍、田螺)及利用后转化成养分对水稻生长发育的促进作用尚缺乏研究.本研究设计了2个田间试验,通过摄像观察稻鱼系统中田鱼的活动,采用稳定性同位素分析田鱼对稻田资源的摄食,并测定水稻的生长发育进程和水稻产量.结果表明:与鱼单养处理相比,稻田养鱼显著地促进了田鱼的活动频率并扩大了田鱼的活动范围.在稻鱼共作不投喂饲料处理下,稻田中3类水生生物(浮萍、浮游植物、田螺)对田鱼食谱的贡献率分别为22.7%、34.8%和30.0%;而投喂饲料处理下,这3种水生生物对田鱼食谱的贡献率分别为8.9%、5.9%和1.6%,饲料的贡献率为71.0%.与水稻单作比较,稻鱼共作处理显著增加水稻分蘖期和灌浆期的叶片氮含量,延长分蘖期10~12 d,并显著提高成穗率和产量.表明稻鱼系统通过田鱼摄食稻田资源并转化为水稻可利用养分,促进了水稻生长,实现了水稻产量的提升.
Paddy fields provide habitats for aquatic creatures such as fish, which can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides by controlling outbreaks of pests and diseases and making full use of nutrients while increasing the yield of rice. However, the consumption of paddy field resources by phytoplankton (phytoplankton, weeds , Duckweed, snail) and its use after conversion into nutrients on the growth and development of rice is still lack of research.In this study, two field experiments were designed to observe the activity of the field fish in the rice-fish system by imaging, using stable isotope analysis of field fish The results showed that compared with the monoculture, the fish culture in paddy field significantly increased the frequency of field fish and expanded the range of the field fish. The contribution rate of three kinds of aquatic organisms (duckweed, phytoplankton and snail) in paddy field to the recipes of field fish were 22.7%, 34.8% and 30.0% , And the contributions of these three aquatic species to the field fish diet were 8.9%, 5.9% and 1.6%, respectively, and the contribution rate of feed was 71.0% .Compared with single cropping, rice co-treatment significantly increased rice tillering stage and irrigation The results showed that the rice-fish system fed on paddy field resources and transformed into available nutrients of rice to promote the growth of rice and achieve the yield of rice The promotion.