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肝细胞癌的发生和发展与多种癌基因和肿瘤抑制基因的异常有关，其染色体上存在多个位点的杂合性丢失和微卫星不稳定性，其相应的肿瘤抑制基因亦发生异常，这些改变在肝细胞癌的发生、发展及其转移过程中扮演重要角色。
The occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma are related to the abnormalities of many oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. There are multiple sites of loss of heterozygosity and microsatellite instability on chromosomes, and the corresponding tumor suppressor genes are also abnormal. These changes play an important role in the occurrence, progression and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.