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一、优质钢的缺陷及其防止方法气泡(气孔)纵、横裂纹、皱沟及结疤均属于优质钢的主要缺陷。这些缺陷中的每一个缺陷简要地讨论于下:气泡属于钢的内部缺陷。它们分为分布在钢锭整个横断面的内部气泡(气孔)及分布在表面附近的皮下气泡。内部气泡或气孔的成因是气体的存在,这些气体在凝固时不能顺利地从钢水中排出而遗留在钢锭中,因之破坏了钢锭的连续性。气体可以不同方式进入钢中。氢及氧来自原料—特别是生铁及钢块。湿的盛钢桶、流钢槽或底板内所含的水滴在钢水高温的影响下分解为氧及氢。氮来自炉料以及熔炼时电弧地带空气的游子化。
First, the defects of high-quality steel and prevention methods Bubbles (stoma) longitudinal, horizontal cracks, furrows and scarring are the main defects of high-quality steel. Each of these drawbacks is briefly discussed below: Bubbles belong to the internal defects of steel. They are divided into the internal cross-section of the ingot in the distribution of internal bubbles (pores) and distribution in the surface near the subcutaneous bubbles. The internal bubbles or pores are caused by the presence of gas, which can not be smoothly discharged from the molten steel during the solidification and remains in the ingot, thereby deteriorating the continuity of the ingot. The gas can enter the steel in different ways. Hydrogen and oxygen come from raw materials - especially pig iron and steel. Wet ladle, flow channel or floor contained in the water droplets under the influence of molten steel under high temperature decomposition of oxygen and hydrogen. Nitrogen comes from the charge and the atomization of the arc zone air during smelting.