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过去分词所表示是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：
作定语
过去分词作定语时，如果这个分词是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是分词短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语。
例1— Do you know the tower _____ in the heart of the city？
— Do you mean the one _____ to the north of the city library？
A. locating； lay
B. located； lying
C. being located； lying
D. located； lay
解析 B考查特定词汇的分词用法。第一句句意：你了解那座位于市中心的塔吗？be located in是常用短语，表示“位于……”， 因locate是及物动词，与被修饰词tower之间是动宾关系，所以，使用过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句which is located in the heart of the city省略了主语和谓语；第二句句意：你是指位于市图书馆北侧的那座塔吗？lying是现在分词短语作后置定语，lie与the one是主谓关系，故用现在分词。
作表语
过去分词作表语时，表示其逻辑主语所处的状态，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，如：The glass is broken（这个玻璃杯是破的）.
注：过去分词作表语时，和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意义不同，如：The glass was broken by my little brother（这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的）.
例2 I wonder why Ann didn’t get _______ the job. She is the right person for it.
A. to be offered B. to offer
C. offering D. offered
解析 D考查特定词汇的分词用法。句意：我猜想为什么安没有得到那份工作。她是适合做的。offer sb. the job意为“给某人提供工作”，所以，offer和Ann之间是动宾关系，用过去分词。要多多关注get与非谓语动词搭配的句型：
1. get sb. to do sth.叫某人做某事
2. get sth. done=have sth. done請人做某事
3. get done表示被动
4. get sb./sth. doing使某人/某事开始做
5. get doing开始做
作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是其逻辑主语，如：When I opened the door， I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.
例3 The worse working conditions we are looking forward to ______ must have attracted the local government’s attention.
A. see improved B. seeing improved
C. saw improving D. seeing to improve
解析 B考查非谓语动词使用中的思维定势。很多学生无法理解为什么see后面可以直接加过去分词，其实，The worse working conditions是主句主语，we are looking forward to是定语从句，经过调整语序，该定语从句The worse working conditions we are looking forward to可以还原为we are looking forward to seeing the worse working conditions improved。可以看出：improve作宾语补足语，和conditions 之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词improved。
作状语
过去分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句，该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语，是过去分词所表示意义的逻辑宾语。为了使作状语的过去分词意义更加明确，常在分词前加when， if， while， though， as等连词。
例4 ______with a gradual rise of seawater， some nations in the Pacific are considering moving in the near future.
A. Facing B. To face
C. Faced D. Being faced
解析 C考查非谓语动词作状语。由短语be faced with可知，face与主句主语nations构成动宾关系，所以用过去分词短语作状语。另外，由于意思上be faced with=facing，所以该题状语部分还可以使用现在分词Facing a gradual rise of seawater。
非谓语动词巩固练习
1. With so many __________ problems to solve， Libyans feel very _________. A. puzzling； puzzling B. puzzled； puzzled
C. puzzling； puzzled D. puzzled； puzzling
2. The destruction of the earthquake and the nuclear leak that it brought about in Japan was very ____________.
A. frightening B. frightened
C. pleased D. pleasing
3. When I saw my 8-year-old daughterjust like on televison， I can’t help ________.
A. performing； laughing B. performed； laughed
C. performing； laughed D. performed； laughed
4. Yang Liwei was the first person _________ on the moon.
A. who land B. who lands
C. to land D. landing
5. The manager， ____________， left the office.
A. made it clear that he was pleased with my work
B. having made it clear that he was pleased with my work
C. making it clear that he was pleased with my work
D. having been made it clear that he was pleased with my work
6. Elizabeth Taylor， the Hollywood legend died at Cedars-Sinai Hospital ________ by her four children after being taken to hospital six weeks ago with heart failure.
A. to be surrounded B. having been surrounded
C. surrounded D. surrounding
7. Tom looked at Jenny， with tears filling his eyes， and shouted out the words ______ in his heart for years.
A hiding B. hidden
C. to hide D. to be hidden
8. It is said that ________ to classic music may be helpful in improving teenagers’ taste.
A. exposed B. exposing
C. being exposed D. having exposed
9. The folks were delighted at the message of their relatives _______ that mine explosion.
A. survived B. to survive
C. were surviving D. surviving
10. After suffering a heart attack， Michael Jackson was pronounced dead， ______ a tragic end to the world’s most popular entertainer.
A. marked B. to mark
C. marking D. having marked
答案與解析
1～5 C A A C B 6. C过去分词短语作伴随状语。
7. B过去分词短语作定语。 8. Cv-ing短语的被动语态作主语。
9. Dv-ing短语的复合结构作of的宾语。
10. C分词短语作结果状语，表意料之中的结果，如用动词不定式作结果状语则表示意料之外的结果。
作定语
过去分词作定语时，如果这个分词是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是分词短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语。
例1— Do you know the tower _____ in the heart of the city？
— Do you mean the one _____ to the north of the city library？
A. locating； lay
B. located； lying
C. being located； lying
D. located； lay
解析 B考查特定词汇的分词用法。第一句句意：你了解那座位于市中心的塔吗？be located in是常用短语，表示“位于……”， 因locate是及物动词，与被修饰词tower之间是动宾关系，所以，使用过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句which is located in the heart of the city省略了主语和谓语；第二句句意：你是指位于市图书馆北侧的那座塔吗？lying是现在分词短语作后置定语，lie与the one是主谓关系，故用现在分词。
作表语
过去分词作表语时，表示其逻辑主语所处的状态，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，如：The glass is broken（这个玻璃杯是破的）.
注：过去分词作表语时，和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意义不同，如：The glass was broken by my little brother（这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的）.
例2 I wonder why Ann didn’t get _______ the job. She is the right person for it.
A. to be offered B. to offer
C. offering D. offered
解析 D考查特定词汇的分词用法。句意：我猜想为什么安没有得到那份工作。她是适合做的。offer sb. the job意为“给某人提供工作”，所以，offer和Ann之间是动宾关系，用过去分词。要多多关注get与非谓语动词搭配的句型：
1. get sb. to do sth.叫某人做某事
2. get sth. done=have sth. done請人做某事
3. get done表示被动
4. get sb./sth. doing使某人/某事开始做
5. get doing开始做
作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是其逻辑主语，如：When I opened the door， I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.
例3 The worse working conditions we are looking forward to ______ must have attracted the local government’s attention.
A. see improved B. seeing improved
C. saw improving D. seeing to improve
解析 B考查非谓语动词使用中的思维定势。很多学生无法理解为什么see后面可以直接加过去分词，其实，The worse working conditions是主句主语，we are looking forward to是定语从句，经过调整语序，该定语从句The worse working conditions we are looking forward to可以还原为we are looking forward to seeing the worse working conditions improved。可以看出：improve作宾语补足语，和conditions 之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词improved。
作状语
过去分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句，该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语，是过去分词所表示意义的逻辑宾语。为了使作状语的过去分词意义更加明确，常在分词前加when， if， while， though， as等连词。
例4 ______with a gradual rise of seawater， some nations in the Pacific are considering moving in the near future.
A. Facing B. To face
C. Faced D. Being faced
解析 C考查非谓语动词作状语。由短语be faced with可知，face与主句主语nations构成动宾关系，所以用过去分词短语作状语。另外，由于意思上be faced with=facing，所以该题状语部分还可以使用现在分词Facing a gradual rise of seawater。
非谓语动词巩固练习
1. With so many __________ problems to solve， Libyans feel very _________. A. puzzling； puzzling B. puzzled； puzzled
C. puzzling； puzzled D. puzzled； puzzling
2. The destruction of the earthquake and the nuclear leak that it brought about in Japan was very ____________.
A. frightening B. frightened
C. pleased D. pleasing
3. When I saw my 8-year-old daughterjust like on televison， I can’t help ________.
A. performing； laughing B. performed； laughed
C. performing； laughed D. performed； laughed
4. Yang Liwei was the first person _________ on the moon.
A. who land B. who lands
C. to land D. landing
5. The manager， ____________， left the office.
A. made it clear that he was pleased with my work
B. having made it clear that he was pleased with my work
C. making it clear that he was pleased with my work
D. having been made it clear that he was pleased with my work
6. Elizabeth Taylor， the Hollywood legend died at Cedars-Sinai Hospital ________ by her four children after being taken to hospital six weeks ago with heart failure.
A. to be surrounded B. having been surrounded
C. surrounded D. surrounding
7. Tom looked at Jenny， with tears filling his eyes， and shouted out the words ______ in his heart for years.
A hiding B. hidden
C. to hide D. to be hidden
8. It is said that ________ to classic music may be helpful in improving teenagers’ taste.
A. exposed B. exposing
C. being exposed D. having exposed
9. The folks were delighted at the message of their relatives _______ that mine explosion.
A. survived B. to survive
C. were surviving D. surviving
10. After suffering a heart attack， Michael Jackson was pronounced dead， ______ a tragic end to the world’s most popular entertainer.
A. marked B. to mark
C. marking D. having marked
答案與解析
1～5 C A A C B 6. C过去分词短语作伴随状语。
7. B过去分词短语作定语。 8. Cv-ing短语的被动语态作主语。
9. Dv-ing短语的复合结构作of的宾语。
10. C分词短语作结果状语，表意料之中的结果，如用动词不定式作结果状语则表示意料之外的结果。