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本文考察了马克思提出从异化劳动得出私有财产这一结论的含义、原因和意义。一些人对于这一结论感到迷惑不解。异化劳动是马克思为解剖资本主义社会而创造出来的一个重要范畴。私有财产是指资本主义生产关系。马克思考察私有财产的主体本质,就是从劳动的本质来考察资本主义生产关系的确立及其将被扬弃。马克思研究政治经济学采用了“人体解剖对于猴体解剖是一把钥匙”的方法,即从后头开始思考。由于某些人对方法问题缺乏理解,造成有意无意地曲解马克思的结论。异化劳动范畴,后来为剩余价值学说所代替。
This article examines the meaning, reason and significance of Marx’s conclusion that private property is derived from alienated labor. Some people are puzzled by this conclusion. Alienated labor is an important category that Marx created to dissect the capitalist society. Private property refers to the capitalist relations of production. The main essence of Marx’s investigation of private property is to examine the establishment of the capitalist relations of production from the essence of labor and to discard it. Marx’s study of political economy uses a method of “human anatomy is a key to the anatomy of monkeys”, starting from the beginning of thinking. The lack of understanding of methodological issues by some people has resulted in the misinterpretation of Marx’s conclusion. Alienated labor category, later replaced by the theory of surplus value.