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Junior College of Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China 315100
Abstract. Through the methods of documentation, questionnaire and teaching experiments, this research makes an experimental study of how could physical education help the contemporary college students' psychological health. The result shows that, sport is an effective means of implementing college psychological intervention; physical exercises on a long-term and regular basis are beneficial to college students' psychological health.
Keywords: college students, physical education, psychological intervention, experimental research.
Introduction
"Attaching importance to students' psychological development while strengthening their physique" has become the key point and trend of the contemporary reform and development of college physical education. Therefore, to pay close attention to and value the physical exercise as well as the psychological health of the college students, which means to enhance their physique as well as improve their physical and psychological health, is not only important but also urgent. Thus, college physical education, as a major part of college education, does not only mean to help students to build their bodies but also should shoulder the responsibility of enhancing their psychological health. Under this circumstance, to survey as well as accurately recognize and analyze the current status of college students' physical exercise and psychological health, to study how on earth physical exercise could influence the college students' psychological health is practically significant for the strengthening of college students' psychological health.
1 Significance of this research
Whether the college students boast physical and psychological health, the wholesome personality or not and whether they could develop in a comprehensive way as well as brave all the challenges from society or not matter greatly to the future and development of the country. In recent years, college enrollment has constantly on the rise, so does the number of the college students. Along with the more and more fierce competition in society, college students suffer more pressure than ever. Therefore, it is the high time to lay stress on college students' psychological health. College students experience great changes of physical, psychological and mind.
Physical exercises and psychological health are mutually influential, restraint. Sound psychology boards in sound body whereas unhealthy psychology is inclined to lead to physical diseases. Actively taking physical exercises could not only boost health and improve the immune system but also regulate and facilitate people's psychology to develop toward the healthy way in that it can promote the development of self-consciousness as well as the cultivation of wholesome personality and favourable qualities. These all provide a solid foundation for the psychological health while in return psychological health is beneficial to physical exercises. 2 Research subject and methodology
2.1 research subject
Through the methods of cluster sampling and stratified sampling, this research randomly chooses 1200 enrolled college students, 300 ones from each grade, from Wuhan University of Technology and Hubei University of Economics and conducts questionnaire and teaching experiments among them.
2.2 Methodology
Documentation: Consulting relative documents and materials in the fields of education, psychology and physical education and referring to papers and research results in the above fields, so as to provide scientific reference for the research.
Questionnaires: "Questionnaire for the Survey of College Students Physical Exercises and Psychological Health" is designed by the researcher himself according to the practical needs. 1400 questionnaires were distributed, 1340 ones were collected. The rate of collection is 95.7%. 1200 questionnaires are effective. So the effective rate is 89.6%.
Mathematical statistics: All the statistics obtained through questionnaire and rating scales are typed in computers and analyzed through means of descriptive statistics, chi-square test, variance analysis and t-test via SPSS14.5 with P < 0.05 taken as the standard for significant difference.
Analysis and comparison: On the basis of documentation, questionnaire and rating scale, the result is further analyzed and compared with the intention of discovering some laws underlining and instructive inspirations.
3 Research results
3.1 Statistics of how college students think physical exercise could influence psychological health
Table 1 indicates that 34% of the surveyed college students think physical exercise exerts great impact on psychological health; 51.8% of college students holds that physical exercise does effect psychological health; only a small part of students either deem that physical exercise have no influence on psychological health or they just do not have a clear understanding of this question. Besides, significant difference is showed between the choice of male students and that of the female ones(X2=31.527，P=0.000<0.001).The ratio of male students who think that physical exercise exerts great impact on psychological health is 38.9% which is obviously higher than that of female students, 27.1%.
3.2 Psychological health comparability factors between the college students who take exercises regularly and those who do not. In table 2, the average value of all factors ranging from high to low is: "taking exercises regularly", "taking exercises occasionally" and "never take exercises" respectively. This result shows that physical education could certainly exert a positive effect on psychological health. Among the results, extraordinary significant difference exists in "depression" factor and "anxiety" factor(P<0.001); also very significant difference appears in factors of "somatization", "interpersonal relationship", "fear" and "mental disease"(P<0.01); "bigotry" factor is significant(P<0.05) and no significant difference exists in "hostility" factor(P>0.05).
3.3 Comparison of psychological health conditions between students who take exercises on fixed time and who do not.
In table 3, the psychological health conditions are compared between students who take exercises on fixed time and who do not. It shows that, students who take exercises on fixed time only value slightly more than the students who do not in "somatization" factor; the value and average value are all lower than the latter students. T-test further shows that: both groups of students show significant difference in the two factors of "obsession" and "interpersonal relationship"(P<0.05) and no significant difference is found in the factors of "somatization", "depression", "hostility", "bigotry" and "mental disease" (P>0.05). The average value also shows no significant difference.
College students should choose fixed time to take exercises in that this could help form the habit of exercise and do more good to the psychological health development. If the accustomed life is disturbed, the hormone would vary, the mental and physical health would be affected. If serious it will lead to disease and malaise.
4 Conclusion
The values of factors who always participated in physical exercises are lower than the values of factors who participated in physical exercises occasionally and it even much lower than the value of factors who never participated in physical exercises, this can fully shows that, physical exercises can actively promote one's mental health indeed. During the factor analysis, it is found that, there exist significant differences on the above three kind of factors including "depression", "anxiety", "somatization", "obsession", "interpersonal relationship", "fear", "mental disease" and "bigotry". It is clear that, the college students with different exercise habits have different mental health conditions. Participating in physical exercises regularly is much more beneficial to college students' physical and psychological health. According to the research findings, those college students who participated in physical exercises regularly, compared with those who participated in physical exercises irregularly, have lower factor value in "somatization", "obsession", "anxiety", "hostility", "fear", "bigotry" and "mental disease", which has proved that participated in physical exercises regularly is much more beneficial to college students to form good exercise habits and then have a good effect on college students' adjacent health level.
College students who have different psychological experiences through physical exercises possess different mental health conditions. The factor value of college students who "feel happy and in good mood" are evidently lower than those who "feel insipid and nothing special" and those who "feel exhausted and uncomfortable". The happy and joyful psychological experiences people gained through physical exercises can better relieve their pressures and then have active stimulation effects on mental health and improve people's health conditions.
5 Suggestions
5.1 Optimize physical education teaching process; guide students' emotion to a healthy development.
Physical exercises and mental health is interrelating and mutual promoting. On account of college students' different mental health condition, PE teachers should combine physical goals and psychological goals together based on different projects and contents, adequately lead students to participate in sports activities which are correspond with their mental condition and guide students to overcome and improve their mental defects.
5.2 College students should strengthen physical exercises and promote health consciousness as well as improve their mental health condition comprehensively.
College students should further strengthen physical exercises and promote health consciousness, adequately be aware of the positive effect of physical exercises, make some time to do physical exercises and form good exercise habits. College students should also select sports event and methods based on their own characteristics, and do appropriate amount of exercise scientifically, then the physical exercises effects will be given full play to promote healthy development of students mind and body and finally contributes the students to become high quality talents with overall development morally, intellectually and physically. 5.3 Setting psychological guidance during physical education to improve students' mental health condition.
By physical education, health education and athletic competition, universities and colleges could improve students' physique, lay the foundation for students' physical and psychological overall development, ensure students' healthy development during campus life, and make students learn and live energetically. Due to the interrelation of physical health and psychological health, physical education is doomed to have positive effects on students' psychological health during the process of promoting students' physical health development.
5.4 Enhancing students' self-esteem and self-confidence by letting them experience progress and success.
Appropriate learning goal should have the function of guidance, encouragement, evaluation and be beneficial for students to achieve their goals confidently. PE teachers should separate the process into several stages, and help students to approach their goals step by step, and give students incentive as well as instructional evaluation in time, thus every student can learn something and have fun in physical exercises as well as get successful experience.
5.5 Cultivating college students' abilities of communication and adaptation through sport competition.
In college physical education teaching, it is necessary to give full play to the advantages of sports activities, enhance communications, lead students to form good cooperation relations in the spirit of "nothing is more important than participation", promote students' interpersonal relation development. Sports activities can not only strengthen students' physique, but also promote social communications and promote friendships.
6 Summary
Doing physical exercises is an emerging and useful mean to improve students' psychological health effectively; it is an important way to promote students' mental health condition. The objective and significance of this paper lie in the thorough and exhaustive discussion of the relation between college physical education and the cultivation of students' mental health, and thus proposes new point of view in college physical education. This is beneficial to the launch of education for all-round development on one hand, and on the other hand, it is the inevitable requirement of cultivating the college students that have comprehensive development of body and mind. This paper has referential and positive promoting effects on the reform of college physical education and college students' psychological development.
References
[1] Zhao Wen-chang; Li Li-yan. The function of physical education on shaping personality based on psychological perspective. Journal of Northeast Normal University,2011,(01).in Chinese.
[2] You Suqing. The Analysis of the Use of Psychology Physical Education in Higher Vocational Colleges. Journal of Wuxi Institute of Technology, 2011,(03). in Chinese.
[3] Qian Liang. Discussion on Physical Teaching Based on the Theory of Psychology. Journal of Jiangsu Vocational and Technical Institute of Economics and Commerce, 2010, (05). in Chinese.
[4] LI Xiao-ming; MA Qing-shan. The Psychological Foundation of the Value Orientation on Sports Courses in Universities. Journal of East China Institute of Technology,2009,(02). in Chinese.
Abstract. Through the methods of documentation, questionnaire and teaching experiments, this research makes an experimental study of how could physical education help the contemporary college students' psychological health. The result shows that, sport is an effective means of implementing college psychological intervention; physical exercises on a long-term and regular basis are beneficial to college students' psychological health.
Keywords: college students, physical education, psychological intervention, experimental research.
Introduction
"Attaching importance to students' psychological development while strengthening their physique" has become the key point and trend of the contemporary reform and development of college physical education. Therefore, to pay close attention to and value the physical exercise as well as the psychological health of the college students, which means to enhance their physique as well as improve their physical and psychological health, is not only important but also urgent. Thus, college physical education, as a major part of college education, does not only mean to help students to build their bodies but also should shoulder the responsibility of enhancing their psychological health. Under this circumstance, to survey as well as accurately recognize and analyze the current status of college students' physical exercise and psychological health, to study how on earth physical exercise could influence the college students' psychological health is practically significant for the strengthening of college students' psychological health.
1 Significance of this research
Whether the college students boast physical and psychological health, the wholesome personality or not and whether they could develop in a comprehensive way as well as brave all the challenges from society or not matter greatly to the future and development of the country. In recent years, college enrollment has constantly on the rise, so does the number of the college students. Along with the more and more fierce competition in society, college students suffer more pressure than ever. Therefore, it is the high time to lay stress on college students' psychological health. College students experience great changes of physical, psychological and mind.
Physical exercises and psychological health are mutually influential, restraint. Sound psychology boards in sound body whereas unhealthy psychology is inclined to lead to physical diseases. Actively taking physical exercises could not only boost health and improve the immune system but also regulate and facilitate people's psychology to develop toward the healthy way in that it can promote the development of self-consciousness as well as the cultivation of wholesome personality and favourable qualities. These all provide a solid foundation for the psychological health while in return psychological health is beneficial to physical exercises. 2 Research subject and methodology
2.1 research subject
Through the methods of cluster sampling and stratified sampling, this research randomly chooses 1200 enrolled college students, 300 ones from each grade, from Wuhan University of Technology and Hubei University of Economics and conducts questionnaire and teaching experiments among them.
2.2 Methodology
Documentation: Consulting relative documents and materials in the fields of education, psychology and physical education and referring to papers and research results in the above fields, so as to provide scientific reference for the research.
Questionnaires: "Questionnaire for the Survey of College Students Physical Exercises and Psychological Health" is designed by the researcher himself according to the practical needs. 1400 questionnaires were distributed, 1340 ones were collected. The rate of collection is 95.7%. 1200 questionnaires are effective. So the effective rate is 89.6%.
Mathematical statistics: All the statistics obtained through questionnaire and rating scales are typed in computers and analyzed through means of descriptive statistics, chi-square test, variance analysis and t-test via SPSS14.5 with P < 0.05 taken as the standard for significant difference.
Analysis and comparison: On the basis of documentation, questionnaire and rating scale, the result is further analyzed and compared with the intention of discovering some laws underlining and instructive inspirations.
3 Research results
3.1 Statistics of how college students think physical exercise could influence psychological health
Table 1 indicates that 34% of the surveyed college students think physical exercise exerts great impact on psychological health; 51.8% of college students holds that physical exercise does effect psychological health; only a small part of students either deem that physical exercise have no influence on psychological health or they just do not have a clear understanding of this question. Besides, significant difference is showed between the choice of male students and that of the female ones(X2=31.527，P=0.000<0.001).The ratio of male students who think that physical exercise exerts great impact on psychological health is 38.9% which is obviously higher than that of female students, 27.1%.
3.2 Psychological health comparability factors between the college students who take exercises regularly and those who do not. In table 2, the average value of all factors ranging from high to low is: "taking exercises regularly", "taking exercises occasionally" and "never take exercises" respectively. This result shows that physical education could certainly exert a positive effect on psychological health. Among the results, extraordinary significant difference exists in "depression" factor and "anxiety" factor(P<0.001); also very significant difference appears in factors of "somatization", "interpersonal relationship", "fear" and "mental disease"(P<0.01); "bigotry" factor is significant(P<0.05) and no significant difference exists in "hostility" factor(P>0.05).
3.3 Comparison of psychological health conditions between students who take exercises on fixed time and who do not.
In table 3, the psychological health conditions are compared between students who take exercises on fixed time and who do not. It shows that, students who take exercises on fixed time only value slightly more than the students who do not in "somatization" factor; the value and average value are all lower than the latter students. T-test further shows that: both groups of students show significant difference in the two factors of "obsession" and "interpersonal relationship"(P<0.05) and no significant difference is found in the factors of "somatization", "depression", "hostility", "bigotry" and "mental disease" (P>0.05). The average value also shows no significant difference.
College students should choose fixed time to take exercises in that this could help form the habit of exercise and do more good to the psychological health development. If the accustomed life is disturbed, the hormone would vary, the mental and physical health would be affected. If serious it will lead to disease and malaise.
4 Conclusion
The values of factors who always participated in physical exercises are lower than the values of factors who participated in physical exercises occasionally and it even much lower than the value of factors who never participated in physical exercises, this can fully shows that, physical exercises can actively promote one's mental health indeed. During the factor analysis, it is found that, there exist significant differences on the above three kind of factors including "depression", "anxiety", "somatization", "obsession", "interpersonal relationship", "fear", "mental disease" and "bigotry". It is clear that, the college students with different exercise habits have different mental health conditions. Participating in physical exercises regularly is much more beneficial to college students' physical and psychological health. According to the research findings, those college students who participated in physical exercises regularly, compared with those who participated in physical exercises irregularly, have lower factor value in "somatization", "obsession", "anxiety", "hostility", "fear", "bigotry" and "mental disease", which has proved that participated in physical exercises regularly is much more beneficial to college students to form good exercise habits and then have a good effect on college students' adjacent health level.
College students who have different psychological experiences through physical exercises possess different mental health conditions. The factor value of college students who "feel happy and in good mood" are evidently lower than those who "feel insipid and nothing special" and those who "feel exhausted and uncomfortable". The happy and joyful psychological experiences people gained through physical exercises can better relieve their pressures and then have active stimulation effects on mental health and improve people's health conditions.
5 Suggestions
5.1 Optimize physical education teaching process; guide students' emotion to a healthy development.
Physical exercises and mental health is interrelating and mutual promoting. On account of college students' different mental health condition, PE teachers should combine physical goals and psychological goals together based on different projects and contents, adequately lead students to participate in sports activities which are correspond with their mental condition and guide students to overcome and improve their mental defects.
5.2 College students should strengthen physical exercises and promote health consciousness as well as improve their mental health condition comprehensively.
College students should further strengthen physical exercises and promote health consciousness, adequately be aware of the positive effect of physical exercises, make some time to do physical exercises and form good exercise habits. College students should also select sports event and methods based on their own characteristics, and do appropriate amount of exercise scientifically, then the physical exercises effects will be given full play to promote healthy development of students mind and body and finally contributes the students to become high quality talents with overall development morally, intellectually and physically. 5.3 Setting psychological guidance during physical education to improve students' mental health condition.
By physical education, health education and athletic competition, universities and colleges could improve students' physique, lay the foundation for students' physical and psychological overall development, ensure students' healthy development during campus life, and make students learn and live energetically. Due to the interrelation of physical health and psychological health, physical education is doomed to have positive effects on students' psychological health during the process of promoting students' physical health development.
5.4 Enhancing students' self-esteem and self-confidence by letting them experience progress and success.
Appropriate learning goal should have the function of guidance, encouragement, evaluation and be beneficial for students to achieve their goals confidently. PE teachers should separate the process into several stages, and help students to approach their goals step by step, and give students incentive as well as instructional evaluation in time, thus every student can learn something and have fun in physical exercises as well as get successful experience.
5.5 Cultivating college students' abilities of communication and adaptation through sport competition.
In college physical education teaching, it is necessary to give full play to the advantages of sports activities, enhance communications, lead students to form good cooperation relations in the spirit of "nothing is more important than participation", promote students' interpersonal relation development. Sports activities can not only strengthen students' physique, but also promote social communications and promote friendships.
6 Summary
Doing physical exercises is an emerging and useful mean to improve students' psychological health effectively; it is an important way to promote students' mental health condition. The objective and significance of this paper lie in the thorough and exhaustive discussion of the relation between college physical education and the cultivation of students' mental health, and thus proposes new point of view in college physical education. This is beneficial to the launch of education for all-round development on one hand, and on the other hand, it is the inevitable requirement of cultivating the college students that have comprehensive development of body and mind. This paper has referential and positive promoting effects on the reform of college physical education and college students' psychological development.
References
[1] Zhao Wen-chang; Li Li-yan. The function of physical education on shaping personality based on psychological perspective. Journal of Northeast Normal University,2011,(01).in Chinese.
[2] You Suqing. The Analysis of the Use of Psychology Physical Education in Higher Vocational Colleges. Journal of Wuxi Institute of Technology, 2011,(03). in Chinese.
[3] Qian Liang. Discussion on Physical Teaching Based on the Theory of Psychology. Journal of Jiangsu Vocational and Technical Institute of Economics and Commerce, 2010, (05). in Chinese.
[4] LI Xiao-ming; MA Qing-shan. The Psychological Foundation of the Value Orientation on Sports Courses in Universities. Journal of East China Institute of Technology,2009,(02). in Chinese.