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20世纪后期以来,社会显现出了高度复杂性和高度不确定性。如何在这种条件下开展行动?如何在这一条件下开展社会治理?对这些问题的思考最终指向了人的行动中的理性问题。在工业社会中,人的行动以及社会治理基本上是建立在工具理性和技术理性的基础上的,排斥了人的情感和道德。人的情感和道德是否在人的行动以及社会治理中发挥作用?这是由理性的性质所决定的。从经验理性的角度看,集体行动的过程中不仅不应排斥人的情感和道德,反而使人的情感和道德的重要性显现出来。在高度复杂性和高度不确定性条件下开展行动和社会治理,需要从经验理性出发。
Since the late 20th century, society has shown a high degree of complexity and high degree of uncertainty. How to act under such conditions? How to carry out social governance in this condition? The thinking on these issues finally points to the rational issues in human actions. In industrial society, human actions and social governance are basically based on instrumental rationality and technical rationality, which excludes human emotions and morals. Does human emotion and morality play a role in human action and social governance? This is determined by the nature of reason. From the perspective of empirical rationality, the process of collective action should not only exclude human emotions and morals, but make people’s emotional and moral importance emerge. Action and social governance under conditions of high complexity and high uncertainty need to be based on empirical rationality.