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本文运用博弈论和控制论的分析手法从动态的角度深入研究了马克思扩大再生产理论。本文认为,两大部类具有各自不同的利益目标。从控制论的角度来看,扩大再生产过程包含自由运动和强迫运动两种运动形式。在马克思扩大再生产理论中,自由运动过程和强迫运动过程是一种对立统一的关系。两大部类决策者的目标虽然是互相独立的,但是能够实现某种均衡,属于再生产系统中的非合作二重均衡问题。在一定假设下对这一均衡问题求解,可以得到其状态变量和控制变量的指数规律和双曲正弦规律等,即纳什均衡。这些结论不仅对理论研究有意义,而且对宏观经济的有效控制也具有重大参考价值。
This paper uses game theory and cybernetics to analyze Marx’s theory of expanding reproduction from a dynamic perspective. This article argues that the two major categories have their own different interests. From a cybernetic point of view, the process of expanding reproduction involves both free-form and forced-form movements. In Marx’s theory of expanding reproduction, the process of free movement and the process of forced movement are a kind of unity of opposites. Although the goals of the two broad categories of decision-makers are independent of each other, some sort of equilibrium can be achieved and belong to the non-cooperative dual equilibrium problem in the reproduction system. Solving this equilibrium problem under certain assumptions can obtain exponential law and hyperbolic sine law of its state variables and control variables, that is, Nash equilibrium. These conclusions are not only meaningful for theoretical research, but also have great reference value for the effective control of the macroeconomy.