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以中国科学院沈阳生态试验站的长期定位试验为平台,研究了不同土地利用方式下土壤三大类微生物细菌、放线菌、真菌和农业上常见致病菌灰霉菌、枯萎菌、镰刀菌的分布及动态变化。结果表明,在农田生态系统中,施肥特别是氮磷钾配施循环猪圈肥能够提高土壤微生物总量,施用氮磷钾和氮磷钾配施循环猪圈肥均提高了细菌和放线菌数量,但化肥配施有机肥降低了真菌数量;不同土地利用方式下微生物分布存在差异,有机物料归还量较大的荒地和林地微生物数量较高,每年移出地表植物的割草处理略低,而裸地处理最低,细菌和放线菌分布规律一致,均为:荒地>林地>割草>裸地,真菌分布略有差别,为:荒地>割草>林地>裸地,土壤微生物含量和比例可大致反映土地利用类型;不同生态系统中,灰霉菌、枯萎菌、镰刀菌的分布不同,农田生态系统中的致病菌数量普遍高于自然生态系统,尤其是枯萎菌,仅在农田生态系统中检测到;微生物数量随着季节的变化而变化,随着温度的升高有增加的趋势,在七月左右达到最大值。
Based on the long-term experiment of Shenyang Ecology Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the distribution of three kinds of soil microorganisms such as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and gray mold, Fusarium and Fusarium were studied under different land use patterns And dynamic changes. The results showed that in the agroecosystem, fertilization, especially the combination of NPK fertilizers with pigsty fertilizers, could increase the total amount of soil microorganisms. The application of N, P and K combined with N, P and K combined with piggery increased the number of bacteria and actinomycetes, However, fertilizer application of organic manure reduced the number of fungi; there were differences in microbial distribution under different land use patterns, and the quantity of microorganisms in wasteland and woodland with high return of organic materials was higher. The mowing removal of surface vegetation was slightly lower each year, The distribution of bacteria and actinomycetes was the same, all of them were as follows: wasteland> woodland> mowing> bare land. The distribution of fungi was slightly different as follows: wasteland> mowing> forest land> bare land. Reflecting the type of land use. In different ecosystems, the distribution of gray mold, Fusarium and Fusarium was different. The number of pathogenic bacteria in farmland ecosystem was generally higher than that of natural ecosystem, especially Fusarium, only in farmland ecosystem To; microbial quantity changes with the seasons, with the increase of temperature tends to increase, reaching the maximum around July.