长期以来,企业单纯靠自上而下的指令性指标管理,任务靠上级分配,经济上统收统支,企业吃国家的大锅饭,职工吃企业的大锅饭。为了改变这种状况,从一九七九年开始,我们大胆进行改革,实行了划小核算单位,栋号包工,层层经济包干,公司、工区、包工队三级管理,三级核算,一级供应的管理体制,初步解决了 For a long time, companies rely solely on top-down directive indicators to manage their tasks, rely on superior distribution, receive unified economic and administrative support, enterprises eat the country’s big pot of rice, and employees eat the company’s big pot of rice. In order to change this situation, from 1979 onwards, we boldly carried out reforms, implemented small-scale accounting units, contracted buildings, layered economic contracting, three-level management of companies, construction areas, and contractors, and three-level accounting. The supply management system was initially solved