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目的回顾性分析2010年1月-2012年12月深圳市围产儿出生缺陷监测资料,了解深圳市近3年出生缺陷的发生情况,分析相关影响因素,提出预防措施。方法收集2010年1月-2012年12月深圳市围产儿出生缺陷监测资料,获得3年的围产儿出生缺陷相关数据,全部调查数据经核实、整理后,调查所得数据资料在Excel上创建数据文件库,并进行统计学分析。结果 2010-2012年,深圳市围产儿总数564 647例,出生缺陷儿9 221例,3年的平均出生缺陷发生率为16.33‰,2010-2012年出生缺陷发生率呈波动上升趋势,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=3.513,P>0.05)。3年中出生缺陷顺位前5位为先天性心脏病、多指(趾)、外耳畸形、大腹儿、唇腭裂,占出生缺陷儿总数的69.60%。其中以先天性心脏病居首,发生率为6.52‰,占出生缺陷儿总数的39.90%。围产儿性别、孕妇户籍类型、孕妇年龄、孕期吸烟及饮酒暴露与围产儿出生缺陷相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而孕妇文化程度和民族情况与孕产次、围产儿出生缺陷无相关性,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论做好出生缺陷监测,提高产前筛查诊断水平,重点筛查高危人群,加强孕期“三级防御”措施,以减少出生缺陷的发生,提高出生人口素质。
Objective To retrospectively analyze the monitoring data of birth defects in perinatal infants from January 2010 to December 2012 in Shenzhen, so as to understand the occurrence of birth defects in Shenzhen in recent 3 years, analyze the relevant factors and propose preventive measures. Methods The data of birth defects monitoring of perinatal children in Shenzhen from January 2010 to December 2012 were collected and the data on birth defects of perinatal children were collected for 3 years. All the survey data were verified, and the survey data were collected to create a data file in Excel Libraries, and statistical analysis. Results From 2010 to 2012, the total number of perinatal children in Shenzhen was 564 647 with 9 221 birth defects. The average incidence of birth defects in three years was 16.33 ‰. The incidence of birth defects in 2010-2012 showed a rising trend with no statistical difference Significance (χ ~ 2 = 3.513, P> 0.05). The top five birth defects in three years were congenital heart disease, multiple finger (toe), outer ear deformity, big abdomen, cleft lip and palate, accounted for 69.60% of the total number of birth defects. Among them, congenital heart disease topped the rate of 6.52 ‰, accounting for 39.90% of the total number of birth defects. The perinatal sex, the type of pregnant women’s domicile, the age of pregnant women, smoking and alcohol exposure during pregnancy were related to the birth defects of perinatal children (P <0.05), while the pregnant women’s educational level, No correlation, the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Conclusion The monitoring of birth defects should be done to improve the diagnostic level of prenatal screening. The screening of high-risk groups should be focused on and the measures of “three-stage prevention” during pregnancy should be strengthened to reduce the birth defects and improve the quality of the birth population.