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从西方文论的整体格局看,从知识范式的转型这一视角来切入,作者问题在西方文论的历史进程中呈现出四种主导理论范式,它们分别是:作者作为制作者(maker),作者作为创造者(creator),作者作为生产者(producer),作者作为书写者(scripter)。古希腊是作者理论的滥觞;它们的理论与实践主要体现在现实主义、古典主义、自然主义、浪漫主义、现代主义以及后现代主义等文学思潮之中。古希腊哲学、中世纪基督教神学、近代主体性哲学、19世纪以来的政治经济学和20世纪以来的语言哲学及其语言学理论等对这四种主导范式的形成和发展具有“奠基性”的意义。理论范式的转型表明,对作者问题的关注呈现出从真实作者到文本中的作者,从作者的实体性功能到关系性功能等根本性的变化。
From the perspective of the overall pattern of western literary theory and from the perspective of the transformation of knowledge paradigm, the authors issue presents four dominant theoretical paradigms in the historical process of western literary theory. They are: the author as a maker, The author is the creator, the author is the producer, the writer is the writer. Ancient Greece is the author’s theory of origin; their theory and practice are mainly embodied in the literary currents of realism, classicism, naturalism, romanticism, modernism and post-modernism. The ancient Greek philosophy, the medieval Christian theology, the modern subjective philosophy, the political economy since the 19th century and the 20th century since the philosophy of language and its linguistic theory of these four dominant paradigm formation and development of Meaning. The transition of theoretical paradigm shows that the concern about the author’s issue shows the fundamental changes from the author to the author in the text, from the author’s substantive function to the relational function.