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为了给我国筛选并制定科学有效的失重对抗措施方案提供有价值的参考资料,本文列举了航天活动中已经采用和可能应用的对抗失重影响的措施,对已经使用的对抗措施效果进行评估,对潜在的新对抗措施进行可行性分析。综合分析表明:下体负压与有氧运动锻炼在对抗心血管系统脱适应方面具有显著作用;有氧运动与阻力锻炼是对抗骨丢失、抗重力骨骼肌萎缩与平衡系统机能改变的主要措施;采用药物防治空间运动病具有明显的效果。然而,这些对抗措施均不具备全面对抗失重影响的作用。目前一般采用多种对抗措施配套使用,不仅仪器设备多,且花费较长时间进行锻炼。另外,多种对抗措施需要科学配套,否则难以达到预期的对抗效果。人工重力将成为具有全面对抗失重对航天员影响的首选措施,应尽快对其实施方案、人体各系统所需的合适强度-持续时间关系、空间实施过程中存在的潜在副作用等进行详细的观测与研究,以期早日在航天活动中使用,并对其防护效果进行综合评估。
In order to provide a valuable reference for our country to screen and formulate a scientific and effective countermeasure against weightlessness, this paper lists some countermeasures that have been adopted and may be applied in space activities to counter the impact of weightlessness, evaluate the effects of countermeasures that have been used, The new countermeasures for feasibility analysis. Comprehensive analysis showed that: the lower body negative pressure and aerobic exercise play a significant role in counteracting the cardiovascular system de-adaptation; aerobic exercise and resistance exercise are the main measures against the loss of bone, anti-gravity skeletal muscle atrophy and the balance of functional changes in the system; Drug prevention and treatment of spatial motion disease has a significant effect. However, none of these countermeasures have the full effect of countering the effects of weightlessness. At present, the use of a variety of countermeasures generally supporting the use, not only equipment and equipment, and take a long time to exercise. In addition, a variety of countermeasures need scientific support, or difficult to achieve the desired effect of confrontation. Artificial gravity will be the first measure to have full impact on astronauts against weightlessness, and detailed measures should be carried out as soon as possible on its implementation plan, the appropriate intensity-duration relationship required for human systems, and potential side effects during space implementation Research, with a view to early use in space activities, and a comprehensive assessment of its protective effect.