序言近几年来运用中的货车的焊修工作量显著增加,这首先是由货车运用繁忙程度的显著提高,装卸作业以及调车时货车损伤加剧所造成的。根据全苏铁道运输科学研究院乌拉尔分院所进行的工作得出,棚车因焊接部件损伤而送修的平均辆数比1970年增加了47％,而敞车则增加了44％。棚车车体最薄弱的构件是支柱,近几年来这些支柱的损坏增加了几乎4倍,其次是车顶、中间柱、枕 Foreword The workload of welding and repairing wagons of trucks in operation has increased significantly in recent years. This is mainly due to the significant increase in the busyness of wagon usage, the loading and unloading operations, and the intensified wastage of wagons during shunting. According to the work carried out by the Ural Branch of the Institute of Science and Technology of the All-Russia Railway, the average number of boxes repaired for damaged box parts increased by 47% over 1970 and that of gondola cars by 44%. The weakest component of the box body is the pillars, which have nearly quadrupled in damage in recent years, followed by roofs, center pillars, pillows