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民国时期新疆察哈尔蒙古仍保留了“察哈尔营”的建制,相继隶属于伊犁镇边使、伊犁镇守使、伊犁屯垦使,1938年“察哈尔营”奉命改隶温泉设治局,归于民政管理。这一时期的新疆察哈尔蒙古仍以游牧为主,农业耕作只占很小比重,人口数量大约在2万人左右。盛世才治新时期,许多察哈尔蒙古人在蒙古文化促进会中任职,发挥了重要作用。当时察哈尔营曾建立了两所私立小学,1935年8月因经费困难改为国立小学。民国时期察哈尔蒙古对新疆历史文化的发展作出了重要贡献,较为突出的表现在两个方面:第一是驻防边境,防范俄国;第二是在抗日战争中,积极参加抗日募捐活动,以实际行动支援抗日。
During the period of the Republic of China, Chahar Mongolia still retained the establishment of “Chahar Camp”, one after another under the jurisdiction of Ili town, Yili guard, Ili settlement, 1938 “Chahar Camp” was ordered to change Spa rule bureau, attributed to civil administration. During this period, Chahar Mongolia still dominated by nomadic agriculture and only a small proportion of agricultural cultivation, with a population of about 20,000. During the new era of prosperity, many Chahar Mongols served in the Mongolian Cultural Promotion Association and played an important role. At that time, Chajjal Camp had established two private primary schools and in August 1935 it was changed to a national primary school because of financial difficulties. During the Republic of China, Chahar Mongolia made important contributions to the development of Xinjiang’s history and culture. The two aspects are more prominent: the first is to station the border and guard against Russia; the second is to actively participate in fundraising activities during the Anti-Japanese War Actual action to support the anti-Japanese.