Objective To review the mechanisms of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its role in the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis.Data sources The data used in this review were obtained mainly from the studies of EMT reported from 2000-2006.Study selection Relevant articles on studies of EMT in tubulointerstitial fibrosis were selected. Data were mainly extracted from the 45 articles listed in the reference section of this review.Results The process of EMT has gained wide recognition as candidate mechanism in progression of chronic fibrotic disorders. New markers were identified and facilitate the observation of EMT. EMT is regulated by many factors through activation of kinase-dependent signaling cascades. Recent findings suggest that EMT is a reversible process, which can be controlled by factors for their epithelial inducing activities.Conclusion Remarkable progresses of EMT research have been made recently. Preventing or reversing EMT is a promising strategy against renal fibrosis.