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矿难是我国当前煤矿生产面临的重大难题,直接关系到煤矿生产的可持续性,不仅严重影响资源的合理配置,还严重影响社会稳定。按照传统经济学思维,对于负外部性较强的煤矿企业,应当征收庇古税,但这是以交易成本为零作为假设前提,并不适用于产权制度不健全的发展中国家,尤其是我国当前的经济发展阶段。而以科斯、威廉姆森为代表的新制度经济学以交易成本概念为核心,提供了产权、委托—代理、契约等理论分析框架,有助于解释我国当前矿难频发的制度根源,并提出防止矿难的一些重要措施:培育健全的矿业权市场;加强制度供给以保障矿工权益;完善法治减少负外部性;深化国有煤矿企业改革。
The mine disaster is a major problem that China’s coal mines currently face. It is directly related to the sustainability of coal mine production. It not only seriously affects the rational allocation of resources but also seriously affects social stability. According to traditional economic thinking, Pigou tax should be levied on coal mine enterprises with strong negative externalities. However, this is based on the assumption that transaction costs are zero and does not apply to developing countries with imperfect property rights system, especially to China The current stage of economic development. The new institutional economics, represented by Coase and Williamson, focuses on the concept of transaction cost and provides the theoretical analysis framework of property rights, principal-agent and contract, which helps to explain the current institutional causes of frequent mining accidents in our country and put forward Some important measures to prevent mine accidents: foster a sound mining rights market; strengthen the system of supply to protect the rights and interests of miners; improve the rule of law to reduce the negative externalities; deepen the reform of state-owned coal mines.