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在言语交际中,说话人的情绪(emotions)属于不自主控制的潜在的心理状态,而说话人表达的态度(attitudes)或者称社会情感(social affects)则是说话人自主控制的。本文通过听辨实验,研究了中国人对普通话19类态度语音的感知特性。实验采用条件受控的语音语料,考察了态度类别、话语长度、听辨人性别这三个因素对态度辨识率的影响,以及不同态度类别在听感上的混淆模式与聚类关系。实验结果表明,普通话态度语音的辨识率总体上高于机遇水平,其中“陈述”和“失望”的辨识率最高,“自信”的辨识率最低。态度类别的主效应、态度类别与话语长度的交互效应,是影响态度辨识率的主要因素。基于听辨混淆模式进一步做层次聚类分析后发现,19种态度从语音感知上可大体聚类为7组,同组内的态度在认知上表现出一定的关联性。
In verbal communication, the emotions of the speaker belong to the potential psychological state of involuntary control, while the attitudes or social affects of the speaker are independently controlled by the speaker. Through listening experiments, this paper studies the perceived characteristics of 19 Chinese people’s attitude toward Mandarin Chinese. The experiment uses conditional corpus of phonetic corpus and examines the impact of the three categories of attitude category, utterance length, and hearing person’s gender on the attitude recognition rate, as well as the confusion pattern and clustering relationship between different attitude categories in auditory sense. The experimental results show that the recognition rate of Putonghua speech is generally higher than the chance level, among which “statement ” and “disappointment ” have the highest recognition rate and “confidence ” have the lowest recognition rate. The main effect of the attitude category, the interaction effect of the attitude category and the length of the discourse are the main factors that affect the attitude recognition rate. After further hierarchical clustering analysis based on the confusion and obfuscation pattern, it was found that 19 kinds of attitudes can be roughly clustered into seven groups from phonetic perception, and the attitudes within the same group showed a certain cognition in cognition.