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本文研究了黄河干支流悬移质泥沙(采自1983年)和流失地土壤的颗粒组成与养分含量以及它们之间的相互关系。结果表明,黄河下拧河床淤积的泥沙以0.05—0.25毫米的颗粒为主,大于0.25亳米的颗粒组成低于1%,它们与流失地耕层土壤、黄土沉积物及风积砂的颗粒组成类同。皇甫川与窟野河的泥沙中可见到产自基岩剥蚀物的大于0.25毫米的粗颗粒,但在黄河干流中基本未见。为进一步查明黄河下游河床粗颗粒泥沙的来源,应划分大于0.25毫米粒径的粗颗粒。黄河大部分支流泥沙中的有效养分接近耕层的低限或平均水平,其中速效碘为耕层含量的2倍以上。加速坡耕地水土流失的治理,对防止土壤养分流失和减少入黄泥沙,具有重要的实际意义。
In this paper, the composition and nutrient contents of suspended sediment (collected from 1983) and the soil of the lost soil in the Yellow River and its tributaries were studied, and their correlations were also studied. The results show that silt sediment of the Yellow River is mainly composed of 0.05-0.25 mm of sediment, and particles of more than 0.25 mm are less than 1%. They are associated with the loss of topsoil, loess sediments and aeolian sand particles Composition similar. Huangfuchuan and Kuye River sediments can be seen from the bedrock erosion of more than 0.25 mm of coarse particles, but basically not seen in the Yellow River. In order to further identify the source of coarse sediment in the lower Yellow River, coarse particles larger than 0.25 mm should be divided. The effective nutrients in most of the tributaries of the Yellow River are close to the lower limit or average level of the topsoil, of which the available iodine is more than twice the amount of the topsoil. Accelerating the management of soil and water loss in arable land is of great practical significance in preventing the loss of soil nutrients and reducing sediment into the Yellow River.