肿瘤是细胞分裂和分化异常的结果,已经证实,细胞突变发生肿瘤时出现新的抗原。肿瘤细胞既有与正常细胞相同的抗原,也有能引起宿主免疫反应的特异性移植抗原。但屹今为止,要证实人体肿瘤特异性抗原是困难的,只有一些与肿瘤相关的抗原(TAA,Tumor Associated Antigen),主要有与病毒有关的抗原,血型抗原,胚胎性抗原和分化抗原。这些抗原的表达与起源细胞差别甚微,仅仅是某个构型的改变或某种组份在数量上的增减。因此,一般方法难以深入研究。近年,杂交瘤技术的发展推进了 Tumors are the result of abnormal cell division and differentiation, and new antigens have emerged as tumors mutate. Tumor cells have both the same antigen as normal cells, but also can cause the host immune response specific graft antigen. However, until now, it has been difficult to confirm that human tumor-specific antigens are present, and only some tumor-associated antigens (TAA, Tumor Associated Antigen) mainly include virus-related antigens, blood group antigens, embryonic antigens and differentiation antigens. The expression of these antigens is very different from the original cells, only a change in configuration or a quantitative increase or decrease of a certain component. Therefore, the general method is difficult to study in depth. In recent years, the development of hybridoma technology has advanced