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自1990年《中国共产党基层组织选举工作暂行条例》,1998年《中华人民共和国村民委员会组织法》颁布以来,农村基层民主不断完善,本文以中国一个普通村庄为视点,观察到党支部成员通过党员、村民代表推荐,群众推荐,乡党委政府决定党支部成员正式候选人,到村党员直选出村党支部成员,已经实现了比较好的党内民主。村民委员会成员经过群众推选,村民代表选举,选民选举,最终选出村民委员成员,完全是由群众自己选举的,村民委员会的选举实现了比较优质的民主,乡党委政府扮演的角色是制定选举规则并保证选举过程的公开、公平、公正,村“两委”选举在不断成长并正走向成熟。这对于中国现代化转型的影响是深远的,对于国家治理方式的演进提供了中国自己真实的实践,为中国走向民主政治打下了坚实而又最广泛的群众基础。本文亦对基层选举中亲情、地缘、利益关系做了分析,对比了党支部与村委会成员选举中提名权的不同。并进一步尝试探析民主发生的原因,自治能力、法治保障、实践锻炼、均势制衡、多元文化等因素都是促进民主发生发展的有利条件。中国共产党在村“两委”选举中的民主实践则是独特而又十分重要的因素。
Since the promulgation of the Provisional Regulations on the Election of Grassroots Organizations in the Communist Party of China in 1990 and the Organization Law of the People’s Republic of China on Villagers’ Committees in 1998, this paper, from the point of view of an ordinary village in China, observes that through the party members , The villagers’ representatives recommended and the masses recommended that the township party committee and government decide official candidates for party branch members and members of the village party branch directly elected to the village party branch have achieved relatively good intra-party democracy. The members of the villagers ’committee are elected by the masses, elected by the villagers, elected by the voters, and the members of the villagers are elected by the masses themselves. The election of the villagers’ committees has achieved relatively high-quality democracy. The role of the township party committee and government in formulating the election rules And ensure that the election process is open, fair and just, and that the election of “two committees of committees and commissions” in the election is continuously growing and is maturing. This has far-reaching impact on the transformation of China’s modernization and has provided China with its own true practices in the evolution of the mode of state administration, laying a solid and extensive mass base for China’s move toward democratic politics. This article also analyzes the relationship of affection, geography and interest in grassroots election, and contrasts the difference of the nomination right in the election of members between village branch and village branch. And further try to analyze the reasons for the occurrence of democracy, autonomy, the rule of law protection, practice training, balance of power and multi-culture are all favorable conditions for the development of democracy. The democratic practice of the Chinese Communist Party in the village “two committees ” elections is a unique and very important factor.