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短文改错题具有“高起点、低落点”的特点,对学生的语言感觉和语言能力要求较高,但改正的错误往往比较简单。很多学生做不好改错题不是因为没有掌握这些语法知识,而是不能通过语感找出错误。所以培养学生有意识地去注意一些高考短文改错的常考点非常重要。
综合近年的高考题我们可以看出主要在以下语法项目上设题:
1.名词和限制词的搭配
主要涉及可数、不可数名词与冠词、指示代词、物主代词的错误搭配,以及名词的单复数的误用。
2.动词的时态、语态以及非谓语动词
常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时中间杂有另一时态的现象,以及动词的谓语与非谓语形式、非谓语动词之间的误用。
3.代词的误用
主要是代词的格与数的误用。如男性用了女性代词,单数用了复数代词或相反;应当用形容词性的物主代词用了名词性的等。
4.数词的误用
主要是序数词与基数词的混用和误用,以及hundred, thousand, dozen, score等词和具体数词连用时的用法以及表示约数的用法。
5.形容词与副词
主要涉及到形容词和副词的原级、比较级与最高级的误用,以及形容词和副词的误用等。
6.考查英语中的并列现象
在一些英语的并列结构中没有用并列的语法结构,如并列连词连接的两个部分等。
7.考查上下文的逻辑关系
but, and, so, however, otherwise等一些并列连词和连接副词的误用。before, after, when,until, since等状语从句引导词的误用等。还有肯定和否定的误用等。
8.一些相似结构的误用
如used to do, be used to do, be used to doing等结构的误用。
9.惯用法的搭配
改错步骤:
上述9个方面,同学们在做题时只要稍加留意,找出错误的比率就会增大很多。做短文改错题时一般遵循以下几个步骤:
1.先通读全文。认真阅读短文,在做题之前确保已经弄清原文大意。注意文章中上下文的逻辑关系是否正确,时态、人称、主谓、指代等是否一致。
2.聚焦出题热点、综合运用所学语言知识,分句(注意以句子为单位而不是以行为单位)对不同的错误情况进行分析和回答(即改词、加词或减词)。
3.再次通读全文,校对自己的改正是否正确。一般各种改错的方式都应该用到,如果出现了某一种改法(如加词、减词等)没有用到,要考虑自己的改错应该有问题,要对刚才不是很有把握的行进行推敲。在自己认为正确的行后划勾,并且校对其他行改正的符号是否准确,大小写是否拼写正确(这点同学们很容易忽视)。如果某一行有两种改错方式要推敲哪一种是最佳改法。
短文改错精练7篇
(1)Most families in China hoped their single children will1.____
have a happy future, so they are very strict in their children.2.____
So do teachers in schools! Many children are given so much3.____
homework that they have hardly any spare time have sports.4.____
The children are forbidden to do anything but to study. No 5.____
wonder so many children are tired of lessons. Some even6.____
attack or kill his parents and teachers! I believe many 7.____
people already read this kind of news in newspapers or magazines.8.____
Shouldn’t we draw lesson from the accidents? Now our 9.____
government is making out a plan to solve the education problems.10.____
(2)Nowadays, almost every family has TV set, and almost1.____
everyone likes watching TV. TV has become part of our lives.2.____
TV has many advantages, for example, it informs us the 3.____
latest news which is happening in the world; it can open our4.____
eyes, enlarge our knowledge and also help us to see more5.____
about the world. But, it also has some disadvantages. People 6.____
waste too much time in watching TV and his normal life 7.____
and work are affected. To the children who they spend too8.____
much time in watching TV, it can do harmful to their sight 9.____
and healthy. So we should control the time of watching TV.10.____
(3)A few months after returning the US from Germany, I took1.____
part in a college course in French. Since I have learned 2.____
to say German well in Germany, I thought it might be3.____
interested to begin studying another language. At the 4.____
first class, the teacher asked us to do a pronunciation5.____
exercise in it he would say a word or two in French, and6.____
each student would do their best to copy. When he got to7.____
me, he kept having me to say more words, and I 8.____
finally asked him why. “I find it great fun,” she explained 9.____
it. “In 25 years of teaching at school, it’s the first time 10.____
I’ve heard an American speak French with a German accent.”
(4)The Huaihe River has been serious polluted. Day and night1.____
millions of tons of waste water is being poured down to it from2.____
hundreds of factories. The waste water is harmful. At present 3.____
there is no fish in it. The river water cannot be drunk. People in 4.____
either bank have to dig wells to take drinking water. The Huaihe 5.____
River is such dirty and poisonous that people don’t dare swim6.____
in it. Something must be done to stopping the pollution. The 7.____
government and the people near the river must try to clear water 8.____
as soon as possible. Now special attention has paid to the9.____
pollution by the government and more scientists. The pollution 10.____
will be prevented in the near future.
(5)Dear Abby,
How are you? Today I’ve got a wonderful news to tell you.1.____
I have offered a scholarship at a university in Australia for my2.____
further education. One hundred and twenty students took exam 3.____
for it, but only a few was chosen and I was one of them. However,4.____
my parents are not happy about it. They are strong against me5.____
going there. They say it is too far away that they will not see me 6.____
for a whole year and they are afraid of I will feel lonely. They7.____
can’t imagine a girl so young live alone. They advise me to study 8.____
in the capital instead. Then I’ll be able to continue living with9.____
them. How can I persuade them to accept the fact I have grown up?10.____
Best wishes,
Jane
(6)It is difficult for parents to teach your children to be responsible1.____
(有责任的) for housework, but with one of the followed suggestions, 2.____
you really can get your children help you at home. If you give your 3.____
children the impression which they can never do anything quite right, 4.____
then they will regard themselves unfit or unable persons. Unless they 5.____
believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independence. 6.____
Don’t always scold and give lots of praise instead. Talk about 7.____
what they’ve done right, but about what they haven’t done. If your8.____
children complete a difficult task, reward (酬劳) him with a Sunday9.____
trip or a ball game of Dad. 10.____
(7)Dear Tom,
I’m writing to tell you about the great changes have taken place1.____
in our English classes when modern teaching techniques started2.____
to be used. Teachers used to speaking alone all the time in class,3.____
keeping us busy making notes and leaving us no time think for4.____
ourselves. As a result, what we learnt in class were difficult to5.____
understand and remember. The classes were so boring that we6.____
were very worry about learning the language. However, things 7.____
are different now. With the help of computers and other equipments,8.____
we not only listen, but watch and speak a lot in the class, which9.____
makes what is dull or difficult more easier to understand and remember.10.____
Yours truly,
Wang Lin
Key(2)
综合近年的高考题我们可以看出主要在以下语法项目上设题:
1.名词和限制词的搭配
主要涉及可数、不可数名词与冠词、指示代词、物主代词的错误搭配,以及名词的单复数的误用。
2.动词的时态、语态以及非谓语动词
常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时中间杂有另一时态的现象,以及动词的谓语与非谓语形式、非谓语动词之间的误用。
3.代词的误用
主要是代词的格与数的误用。如男性用了女性代词,单数用了复数代词或相反;应当用形容词性的物主代词用了名词性的等。
4.数词的误用
主要是序数词与基数词的混用和误用,以及hundred, thousand, dozen, score等词和具体数词连用时的用法以及表示约数的用法。
5.形容词与副词
主要涉及到形容词和副词的原级、比较级与最高级的误用,以及形容词和副词的误用等。
6.考查英语中的并列现象
在一些英语的并列结构中没有用并列的语法结构,如并列连词连接的两个部分等。
7.考查上下文的逻辑关系
but, and, so, however, otherwise等一些并列连词和连接副词的误用。before, after, when,until, since等状语从句引导词的误用等。还有肯定和否定的误用等。
8.一些相似结构的误用
如used to do, be used to do, be used to doing等结构的误用。
9.惯用法的搭配
改错步骤:
上述9个方面,同学们在做题时只要稍加留意,找出错误的比率就会增大很多。做短文改错题时一般遵循以下几个步骤:
1.先通读全文。认真阅读短文,在做题之前确保已经弄清原文大意。注意文章中上下文的逻辑关系是否正确,时态、人称、主谓、指代等是否一致。
2.聚焦出题热点、综合运用所学语言知识,分句(注意以句子为单位而不是以行为单位)对不同的错误情况进行分析和回答(即改词、加词或减词)。
3.再次通读全文,校对自己的改正是否正确。一般各种改错的方式都应该用到,如果出现了某一种改法(如加词、减词等)没有用到,要考虑自己的改错应该有问题,要对刚才不是很有把握的行进行推敲。在自己认为正确的行后划勾,并且校对其他行改正的符号是否准确,大小写是否拼写正确(这点同学们很容易忽视)。如果某一行有两种改错方式要推敲哪一种是最佳改法。
短文改错精练7篇
(1)Most families in China hoped their single children will1.____
have a happy future, so they are very strict in their children.2.____
So do teachers in schools! Many children are given so much3.____
homework that they have hardly any spare time have sports.4.____
The children are forbidden to do anything but to study. No 5.____
wonder so many children are tired of lessons. Some even6.____
attack or kill his parents and teachers! I believe many 7.____
people already read this kind of news in newspapers or magazines.8.____
Shouldn’t we draw lesson from the accidents? Now our 9.____
government is making out a plan to solve the education problems.10.____
(2)Nowadays, almost every family has TV set, and almost1.____
everyone likes watching TV. TV has become part of our lives.2.____
TV has many advantages, for example, it informs us the 3.____
latest news which is happening in the world; it can open our4.____
eyes, enlarge our knowledge and also help us to see more5.____
about the world. But, it also has some disadvantages. People 6.____
waste too much time in watching TV and his normal life 7.____
and work are affected. To the children who they spend too8.____
much time in watching TV, it can do harmful to their sight 9.____
and healthy. So we should control the time of watching TV.10.____
(3)A few months after returning the US from Germany, I took1.____
part in a college course in French. Since I have learned 2.____
to say German well in Germany, I thought it might be3.____
interested to begin studying another language. At the 4.____
first class, the teacher asked us to do a pronunciation5.____
exercise in it he would say a word or two in French, and6.____
each student would do their best to copy. When he got to7.____
me, he kept having me to say more words, and I 8.____
finally asked him why. “I find it great fun,” she explained 9.____
it. “In 25 years of teaching at school, it’s the first time 10.____
I’ve heard an American speak French with a German accent.”
(4)The Huaihe River has been serious polluted. Day and night1.____
millions of tons of waste water is being poured down to it from2.____
hundreds of factories. The waste water is harmful. At present 3.____
there is no fish in it. The river water cannot be drunk. People in 4.____
either bank have to dig wells to take drinking water. The Huaihe 5.____
River is such dirty and poisonous that people don’t dare swim6.____
in it. Something must be done to stopping the pollution. The 7.____
government and the people near the river must try to clear water 8.____
as soon as possible. Now special attention has paid to the9.____
pollution by the government and more scientists. The pollution 10.____
will be prevented in the near future.
(5)Dear Abby,
How are you? Today I’ve got a wonderful news to tell you.1.____
I have offered a scholarship at a university in Australia for my2.____
further education. One hundred and twenty students took exam 3.____
for it, but only a few was chosen and I was one of them. However,4.____
my parents are not happy about it. They are strong against me5.____
going there. They say it is too far away that they will not see me 6.____
for a whole year and they are afraid of I will feel lonely. They7.____
can’t imagine a girl so young live alone. They advise me to study 8.____
in the capital instead. Then I’ll be able to continue living with9.____
them. How can I persuade them to accept the fact I have grown up?10.____
Best wishes,
Jane
(6)It is difficult for parents to teach your children to be responsible1.____
(有责任的) for housework, but with one of the followed suggestions, 2.____
you really can get your children help you at home. If you give your 3.____
children the impression which they can never do anything quite right, 4.____
then they will regard themselves unfit or unable persons. Unless they 5.____
believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independence. 6.____
Don’t always scold and give lots of praise instead. Talk about 7.____
what they’ve done right, but about what they haven’t done. If your8.____
children complete a difficult task, reward (酬劳) him with a Sunday9.____
trip or a ball game of Dad. 10.____
(7)Dear Tom,
I’m writing to tell you about the great changes have taken place1.____
in our English classes when modern teaching techniques started2.____
to be used. Teachers used to speaking alone all the time in class,3.____
keeping us busy making notes and leaving us no time think for4.____
ourselves. As a result, what we learnt in class were difficult to5.____
understand and remember. The classes were so boring that we6.____
were very worry about learning the language. However, things 7.____
are different now. With the help of computers and other equipments,8.____
we not only listen, but watch and speak a lot in the class, which9.____
makes what is dull or difficult more easier to understand and remember.10.____
Yours truly,
Wang Lin
Key(2)