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黄土广泛分布于我国西北地区,其颗粒细小、结构疏松、易发生水土流失且营养缺乏,污泥的施入能够改善黄土理化性质,提高土壤养分。实验采用室内盆栽种植方法,研究不同比例污泥施入黄土对小麦、油菜生长情况及黄土理化性质的影响,为贫瘠的西北半干旱黄土地区城市污泥土地利用提供科学依据。结果表明,污泥施入明显提高了黄土有机质含量,改善了土壤的碱性环境,但是混合基质的重金属含量也相应增加,因此在实际利用过程中必须合理控制污泥施入比例,污泥干质量超过10%会不同程度延缓作物生长,1%~5%的污泥能够提高作物发芽率、缩短发芽时间、促进作物生长。由此说明,贫瘠黄土地区施入实验所用污泥的干质量5 250~26 400 kg·hm-2左右能够明显改善土壤种植条件,有望提高该地区小麦和油菜的产量。
Loess is widely distributed in the northwest of China. The particles are small and loose in structure, soil erosion and nutrient deficiency are easy to occur. The application of sludge can improve the physicochemical properties of loess and improve soil nutrient. In the experiment, indoor pot planting method was used to study the effects of applying different proportion of sludge into loess on the growth of wheat and rape, as well as the physicochemical properties of loess, so as to provide a scientific basis for the land use of urban sludge in the barren northwest semi-arid loess area. The results showed that the application of sludge significantly increased the organic content of loess and improved the alkaline environment of the soil, but the content of heavy metals in the mixed matrix also increased accordingly. Therefore, it is necessary to control the proportion of sludge in the actual utilization process, The quality of more than 10% will be delayed to varying degrees, crop growth, 1% to 5% of the sludge can increase the germination rate of crops, shorten the germination time and promote crop growth. The results showed that the dry mass of the sludge applied in the loessial loess area was about 5 250 ~ 26 400 kg · hm -2, which could significantly improve the soil planting conditions and is expected to increase the yield of wheat and rape in the area.