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目的:了解生活饮用水水源微生物污染情况,分析导致生活饮用水微生物污染的危险因素,为提高生活饮用水卫生质量提供科学依据。方法:采集某区域的生活饮用水共357份,同时收集水源相关信息。依据GB/T 5750-2006《生活饮用水标准检验方法》,分别对水样进行菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群及大肠埃希菌的检测,四项指标中有一项超标则视为不合格样本。结果:357份水样总体合格率为83.19%,其中自备水源和市政供水合格率分别为79.05%、91.05%,差异显著(P<0.05);自备井中深井水合格率为86.38%、浅井水及泉水合格率为46.51%,差异显著(P<0.05);直接汲取地下水和有储水设施水源合格率分别为81.99%,76.99%,差异不显著(P>0.05);市政供水地市级和县乡级合格率分别为93.26%,78.94%,差异不显著(P>0.05);直接入户和二次供水合格率分别为94.31%,82.85%,差异显著(P<0.05);有净化措施与无净化措施水源,有消毒措施与无消毒措施水源菌落总数合格率差异显著;周围有污染源的水源和周围无污染源水源菌落总数和总大肠菌群合格率差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:不同类型不同供水方式水源微生物污染情况不同;水源是否采取净化、消毒措施及周围有污染源均会影响微生物检出结果。
Objective: To understand the microbial contamination of domestic drinking water sources, analyze the risk factors that lead to microbial contamination of domestic drinking water, and provide a scientific basis for improving the hygienic quality of drinking water. Methods: A total of 357 samples of drinking water in a certain area were collected, and relevant information on water sources was collected. According to GB / T 5750-2006 “drinking water standard test method”, respectively, the total number of colonies, total coliform bacteria, heat-resistant coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli detection, one of the four indicators in excess of the standard Regarded as unqualified samples. Results: The overall pass rate of 357 water samples was 83.19%, of which the self-provided water sources and municipal water supply pass rates were 79.05% and 91.05%, respectively, with significant difference (P <0.05); the qualified rate of deep well water was 86.38% The passing rate of water and spring water was 46.51%, the difference was significant (P <0.05); the pass rates of directly drawing groundwater and water storage facilities were 81.99% and 76.99% respectively, with no significant difference (P> 0.05); municipal water supply municipal level (P> 0.05). The pass rates of direct household water supply and secondary water supply were 94.31% and 82.85% respectively, with a significant difference (P <0.05) There was significant difference between the total number of colony of water source and surrounding non-polluted water source and the total coliform bacteria passing rate (P <0.05). Conclusion: Different types of water supply methods have different microbial contamination of water source; whether the water is purified or disinfected and the surrounding sources of pollution will affect the detection results of microorganisms.