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对犯罪原因的争辩,古今中外的学者都非常的重视,提出了各自的理论。而对犯罪原因的不同分析直接导致了对刑罚目的不同的认识和主张,从而就影响到国家法律和政策对犯罪现象的看法和预防措施。本文主要从犯罪原因的角度,对报应和功利主义两种具有代表性的学说进行分析,指出各自的利弊,提出自己对犯罪现象的理解和应以采取的预防措施。即应承认犯罪现象的存在,一般预防和特殊预防并重,与其它刑罚制度相结合来减少犯罪。
The debate on the causes of crime, ancient and modern scholars all attach great importance to put forward their own theories. However, the different analysis of the causes of crime directly leads to the different recognition and proposition of the purpose of punishment, thus affecting the perception and prevention of the crime phenomenon in national laws and policies. This article mainly analyzes the two representative theories of retribution and utilitarianism from the perspective of crime reasons, points out their respective advantages and disadvantages, and proposes their own understanding of the crime phenomena and the preventive measures they should take. That is to say, the existence of criminal phenomena should be acknowledged. Both prevention and special prevention should be given equal weight and should be combined with other penal systems to reduce crime.