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尽管正义在西方政治哲学传统中一直被视为当然的主题,但是与以往的正义理论不同,现代正义观念是建立在自由、平等与民主这三个基本支点之上的。具体说来,自由是现代政治制度的确立原则,平等是社会稳定的调节原则,民主则是实现二者的途径或手段。自由、平等与民主的观念不但是现代西方主流意识形态的基本价值,而且构成了现代西方政治制度设计的基本原则,绝大多数理论或学说都将这些基本价值视为前提与标准。由于历史条件与社会矛盾的变化,人们对于自由、平等与民主产生了不同的理解,从而导致当代西方政治哲学的激烈争论,并影响着当代西方社会的自我调整与变化。
Although justice has always been regarded as a natural theme in Western political and philosophical traditions, unlike the previous theories of justice, the notions of modern justice are based on three basic fulcrums: freedom, equality and democracy. Specifically, freedom is the established principle of the modern political system, equality is the regulatory principle of social stability, and democracy is the means or means of achieving both. The concepts of freedom, equality and democracy are not only the basic values of the modern Western mainstream ideology, but also constitute the basic principles for the design of the political system in the modern West. Most of the theories or theories regard these basic values as prerequisites and standards. Due to the change of historical conditions and social contradictions, people have different understandings of freedom, equality and democracy, leading to heated debates in contemporary western political philosophy and affecting the self-adjustment and change of contemporary western society.