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一、单词
1. tall adj. 高的
用作形容词,其反义词为short,意为“矮的”。eg:
My brother is tall. 我哥哥很高。
There is a tall building in our school. 我们学校有一幢高楼。
妙辨异同:tall与high
tall用于人、树木、烟囱等细长物,其反义词为short; high不用于指人,常用于指物和空间的高度,其反义词为low,但tall和high都可修饰building。eg:
Look at the tall tree. 看那棵高大的树。
How high is the mountain? 这山有多高?
2. height n. 高度
是形容词high的名词形式,指具体的高度。eg:
Please state your height and weight. 请说一下你的身高和体重。
It is fifty feet in height. 高50英尺。
拓展:①询问某人或某物的高度,常用句型“What’s the height of…?”与“How tall/high is…?”是同义句。eg:
What is your height?=How tall are you? 你有多高?
What is the height of the mountain?=How high is the mountain? 这座山有多高?
②常用表尺寸的名词:length长度,width宽度,height高度。eg:
The tall building is 200 metres in length, 90 metres in width and 120 metres in height.
这座大厦长200米,宽90米,高120米。
3. popular adj. 受欢迎的;通俗的;流行的
用作形容词,既可作表语也可作定语。常用短语be popular with意为“受……欢迎”。eg:
Football is a popular sport in Britain. 在英国,足球是一项很受欢迎的运动。
The teacher is quite popular with his students. 这位老师很受学生们的欢迎。
4. look n. 外表;外貌
作名词,意为“外表;外貌”,其复数形式为looks。eg:
I know she likes the book very much by the look on her face.
我从她脸上的表情看出她非常喜欢这本书。
拓展:look作名词时,也可意为“看”,指有意识的动作。eg:
Paula gave me an angry look. 波拉气愤地看了我一眼。
Can I have a look at your photos? 我看看您的照片行吗?
5. say v. 说;讲
用作及物动词,后面可接名词、代词、直接引语和从句。eg:
What did you say? 你说什么?
Tonny said, “All right.” 托尼说:“好吧。”
He said that he was tired. 他说他累了。
妙辨异同:say, talk, speak与tell
say着重说话的具体内容,指用言语表达思想,多用作及物动词,后常接直接引语; talk意为“谈话;空谈;谈论”,指一般性的交谈; speak着重开口发音,指说话的能力和方式,不注重所说的内容,后不跟宾语从句; tell意为“讲;说;陈述;告诉”,用作及物动词,后接双宾语,有时表示嘱咐或语气轻松的命令,常用于tell sb. (not) to do sth.短语。下面这则笑话可帮助我们分清四个词的用法。
Kate is talking with Tom, “Tom, what is your little brother’s name?”“I don’t know,” said Tom, “because he can’t speak and he can not tell me his name.” 凯特在和汤姆交谈,“汤姆,你弟弟叫什么名字?”“我不知道,”汤姆说:“因为他不会说话,他没告诉我他的名字。”
6. special n. 特色菜
用作名词,多用于美语口语中。eg:
What’s today’s special? 今天的特色菜是什么?
拓展:special还可用作形容词,意为“特殊的;特别的”。eg:
Every country has its own special problems. 每个国家都有其特殊的问题。
7. drink n. 饮料
用作可数名词,意为“饮料”。eg:
I’m thirsty. I would like a drink. 我渴了,想要杯饮料。
拓展:drink还可用作动词,意为“喝;饮”。eg:
What do you want to drink? 你要喝点什么?
I drink a glass of milk every morning. 我每天早上喝一杯牛奶。
8. reason n. 原因;理由
用作名词,其后可接介词for,也可接to do…或why, that, which从句。eg:
These are our reasons for doing it.
=These are our reasons to do it. 这就是我们做这件事的理由。
二、辨析
1. have与with
二者均有“有”的意思,但是have为动词,在句子中作谓语,而with为介词,在句中不能作谓语。eg:
Jeff has short straight hair. 杰夫留着短的直发。
The boy with short straight hair is Jeff. 那个留着短的直发的男孩是杰夫。
2. good-looking, pretty, beautiful与handsome
good-looking与beautiful, pretty, handsome都有“漂亮的、好看的”的意思。eg:
a beautiful woman一位美丽的女士 a beautiful picture一幅漂亮的图片
good-looking, pretty和handsome都表示(外表)看上去令人愉快的、漂亮的。
(1)beautiful表示“美丽的;漂亮的”,是最普通的用词,含义最广。口语中可用于可爱的人或物。指形式和颜色的完美,给人愉快的印象。beautiful既可以表示一个人的“外在美”,也可以表示“内在美”,即“心灵美”,既可以指人,也可以指物。形容人时,一般用于女性。如果形容小孩时,男女孩皆可。eg:
The girl with long hair is very beautiful. 那个留长发的女孩很漂亮。
The sky is red too, so it is very, very beautiful. 天空也变红了,因此,非常非常美丽。
(2)good-looking表示“美丽的”,特指容颜的美。可以指男孩,也可以指女孩。eg:
She is good-looking but she’s a little bit quiet. 她长相漂亮,但性情有点儿沉静。
(3)pretty主要指女士和孩子“漂亮的、俊俏的、可爱的”,一般不用于男士。eg:
a pretty girl/child 一个漂亮的女孩/ 一个可爱的孩子
(4)handsome则专指男子的“漂亮、英俊”。eg:
Lu Yi is a very handsome film star. 陆毅是一位非常英俊的电影明星。
3. enjoy, like, would like与feel like
(1)enjoy侧重于“享受某种乐趣”,后面接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。eg:
The boy enjoys listening to music. 这孩子很享受听音乐的乐趣。
I think everyone enjoyed your wonderful party. 我想所有的人对你们精彩的晚会都很欣赏。
②enjoy还可作“玩得高兴”解,常和反身代词连用。eg:
Did you enjoy yourself at the party? 你在聚会上玩得愉快吗?
注意:enjoy后面不能接动词不定式。试译:
汤姆喜欢读小说。
误:Tom enjoys to read novels.
正:Tom enjoys reading novels.
(2)like意为“喜欢”,“喜爱”,后面接名词、代词、动词不定式或动词-ing形式。eg:
I like English. 我喜欢英语。
We like playing basketball. 我们喜欢打篮球。
Do you like to fly a kite? 你喜欢放风筝吗?
(3)would like意为“想要”、“愿意”,用于礼貌地提出要求或表示愿意提供帮助,后面接名词、代词或动词不定式,不能跟动词-ing形式。eg:
We would like a cup of tea. 我们想喝杯茶。
I would like to go. 我愿意去。
(4)feel like和would like都有“想要”之意,但它们的含义和用法有所不同。
①feel like中feel是动词,like是介词,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式,表示“想要”某物或“想要做”某事。eg:
I feel like a drink. 我想要点饮料。
Grandma is ill and she doesn’t feel like eating anything. 奶奶病了,什么也不想吃。
Ifeel like seeing a film this evening. 我今晚想去看电影。
②feel like还有“感到像……,摸起来像……”的意思。eg:
They made me feel like one family. 他们使我感到我像是这个家庭中的一个成员。
This feels like silk. 这东西摸上去像是丝绸。
③It feels like…句式可用来表示天气、时间等,意为“好像要……,似乎是……”。eg:
It feels like rain. 天气好像要下雨。
It feels like tea time. 好像到用茶的时间了。
4. too, also, either, as well与as well as
too, also, either, as well和as well as都可表示“也”,但其用法有所不同。
(1)too 一般用于肯定句和疑问句中,放在句末且常用逗号与前句隔开。too有时可以紧接在主语后面,但其前后都用逗号与句子隔开。另外,在简略答语里too常用于代词宾格之后。eg:
I would like to go there, too. 我也想去那里。
She, too, is a teacher. 她也是一位教师。
——I want to eat an apple. 我想吃个苹果。
——Me, too. 我也想吃。
(2)also是比较正式的用语,经常放在句中,基本规则是在实义动词之前,系动词be之后;如果有助动词或情态动词,一般放在助动词或情态动词之后,表示强调时也可用于句末。eg:
He also works on the farm. 他也在农场工作。
His mother is also a doctor. 他母亲也是医生。
She can also drive a car. 她也会开车。
They are also playing basketball on the playground. 他们也在操场上打篮球。
(3)either 用于否定句中,一般放在句末,肯定句变否定句时,其中的too和also都要改成either。eg:
You don’t know him. I don’t, either. 你不认识他,我也不认识他。
I don’t watch TV, either. 我也没看电视。
(4)as well 用于肯定句,一般放在句末,其前不用逗号与句子隔开。eg:
He speaks English. But he knows French and Chinese as well.
他说英语,但他也懂法语和汉语。
She can swim as well. 她也会游泳。
I can do it as well. 这事我也能做。
(5)as well as 作为连词使用。主要有以下两种用法:
①“除……之外还……”。eg:
George can speak Chinese as well as Japanese. 乔治不仅会说汉语,还会说日语。
They will travel by night as well as by day. 他们要日夜兼程。
②“与……一样”。eg:
It is important for you as well as for me. 它对我和对你一样重要。
She would like to go as well as her friend. 她和她的朋友一样要去。
5. large, big与great
(1)large常用来指面积、体积、容积和数量,不常指人。eg:
Beijing is a large and beautiful city.北京是一座大而美丽的城市。
(2)big 常指体积或面积的大小,也可指人,口语中较常用。eg:
This apple is big and red. 这个苹果又大又红。
Don’t cry. You’re a big boy. 别哭了,你是个大男孩了。
(3)great侧重于抽象化的东西,一般带有主观的看法,表示“伟大的;杰出的”。eg:
China is a great country with a long history. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的伟大的国家。
6. or与and
or为连词,连接并列成分,意为“或”,用于否定句和疑问句中,而and也用作连词,连接并列成分,但一般用于肯定句中。如果句中有三个或三个以上并列成分,and或or只连接最后两个。eg:
I don’t like apples or oranges. 我不喜欢苹果和橘子。
Would he like chicken, beef or mutton? 他想要鸡肉、牛肉还是羊肉?
I like apples and oranges. 我喜欢苹果和橘子。
注意:在否定句中,如果连接的两个词前都有否定词时,则用and,而不用or连接。eg:
It has no arms and no legs.=It has no arms or legs. 它没有胳膊,也没有腿。
1. tall adj. 高的
用作形容词,其反义词为short,意为“矮的”。eg:
My brother is tall. 我哥哥很高。
There is a tall building in our school. 我们学校有一幢高楼。
妙辨异同:tall与high
tall用于人、树木、烟囱等细长物,其反义词为short; high不用于指人,常用于指物和空间的高度,其反义词为low,但tall和high都可修饰building。eg:
Look at the tall tree. 看那棵高大的树。
How high is the mountain? 这山有多高?
2. height n. 高度
是形容词high的名词形式,指具体的高度。eg:
Please state your height and weight. 请说一下你的身高和体重。
It is fifty feet in height. 高50英尺。
拓展:①询问某人或某物的高度,常用句型“What’s the height of…?”与“How tall/high is…?”是同义句。eg:
What is your height?=How tall are you? 你有多高?
What is the height of the mountain?=How high is the mountain? 这座山有多高?
②常用表尺寸的名词:length长度,width宽度,height高度。eg:
The tall building is 200 metres in length, 90 metres in width and 120 metres in height.
这座大厦长200米,宽90米,高120米。
3. popular adj. 受欢迎的;通俗的;流行的
用作形容词,既可作表语也可作定语。常用短语be popular with意为“受……欢迎”。eg:
Football is a popular sport in Britain. 在英国,足球是一项很受欢迎的运动。
The teacher is quite popular with his students. 这位老师很受学生们的欢迎。
4. look n. 外表;外貌
作名词,意为“外表;外貌”,其复数形式为looks。eg:
I know she likes the book very much by the look on her face.
我从她脸上的表情看出她非常喜欢这本书。
拓展:look作名词时,也可意为“看”,指有意识的动作。eg:
Paula gave me an angry look. 波拉气愤地看了我一眼。
Can I have a look at your photos? 我看看您的照片行吗?
5. say v. 说;讲
用作及物动词,后面可接名词、代词、直接引语和从句。eg:
What did you say? 你说什么?
Tonny said, “All right.” 托尼说:“好吧。”
He said that he was tired. 他说他累了。
妙辨异同:say, talk, speak与tell
say着重说话的具体内容,指用言语表达思想,多用作及物动词,后常接直接引语; talk意为“谈话;空谈;谈论”,指一般性的交谈; speak着重开口发音,指说话的能力和方式,不注重所说的内容,后不跟宾语从句; tell意为“讲;说;陈述;告诉”,用作及物动词,后接双宾语,有时表示嘱咐或语气轻松的命令,常用于tell sb. (not) to do sth.短语。下面这则笑话可帮助我们分清四个词的用法。
Kate is talking with Tom, “Tom, what is your little brother’s name?”“I don’t know,” said Tom, “because he can’t speak and he can not tell me his name.” 凯特在和汤姆交谈,“汤姆,你弟弟叫什么名字?”“我不知道,”汤姆说:“因为他不会说话,他没告诉我他的名字。”
6. special n. 特色菜
用作名词,多用于美语口语中。eg:
What’s today’s special? 今天的特色菜是什么?
拓展:special还可用作形容词,意为“特殊的;特别的”。eg:
Every country has its own special problems. 每个国家都有其特殊的问题。
7. drink n. 饮料
用作可数名词,意为“饮料”。eg:
I’m thirsty. I would like a drink. 我渴了,想要杯饮料。
拓展:drink还可用作动词,意为“喝;饮”。eg:
What do you want to drink? 你要喝点什么?
I drink a glass of milk every morning. 我每天早上喝一杯牛奶。
8. reason n. 原因;理由
用作名词,其后可接介词for,也可接to do…或why, that, which从句。eg:
These are our reasons for doing it.
=These are our reasons to do it. 这就是我们做这件事的理由。
二、辨析
1. have与with
二者均有“有”的意思,但是have为动词,在句子中作谓语,而with为介词,在句中不能作谓语。eg:
Jeff has short straight hair. 杰夫留着短的直发。
The boy with short straight hair is Jeff. 那个留着短的直发的男孩是杰夫。
2. good-looking, pretty, beautiful与handsome
good-looking与beautiful, pretty, handsome都有“漂亮的、好看的”的意思。eg:
a beautiful woman一位美丽的女士 a beautiful picture一幅漂亮的图片
good-looking, pretty和handsome都表示(外表)看上去令人愉快的、漂亮的。
(1)beautiful表示“美丽的;漂亮的”,是最普通的用词,含义最广。口语中可用于可爱的人或物。指形式和颜色的完美,给人愉快的印象。beautiful既可以表示一个人的“外在美”,也可以表示“内在美”,即“心灵美”,既可以指人,也可以指物。形容人时,一般用于女性。如果形容小孩时,男女孩皆可。eg:
The girl with long hair is very beautiful. 那个留长发的女孩很漂亮。
The sky is red too, so it is very, very beautiful. 天空也变红了,因此,非常非常美丽。
(2)good-looking表示“美丽的”,特指容颜的美。可以指男孩,也可以指女孩。eg:
She is good-looking but she’s a little bit quiet. 她长相漂亮,但性情有点儿沉静。
(3)pretty主要指女士和孩子“漂亮的、俊俏的、可爱的”,一般不用于男士。eg:
a pretty girl/child 一个漂亮的女孩/ 一个可爱的孩子
(4)handsome则专指男子的“漂亮、英俊”。eg:
Lu Yi is a very handsome film star. 陆毅是一位非常英俊的电影明星。
3. enjoy, like, would like与feel like
(1)enjoy侧重于“享受某种乐趣”,后面接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。eg:
The boy enjoys listening to music. 这孩子很享受听音乐的乐趣。
I think everyone enjoyed your wonderful party. 我想所有的人对你们精彩的晚会都很欣赏。
②enjoy还可作“玩得高兴”解,常和反身代词连用。eg:
Did you enjoy yourself at the party? 你在聚会上玩得愉快吗?
注意:enjoy后面不能接动词不定式。试译:
汤姆喜欢读小说。
误:Tom enjoys to read novels.
正:Tom enjoys reading novels.
(2)like意为“喜欢”,“喜爱”,后面接名词、代词、动词不定式或动词-ing形式。eg:
I like English. 我喜欢英语。
We like playing basketball. 我们喜欢打篮球。
Do you like to fly a kite? 你喜欢放风筝吗?
(3)would like意为“想要”、“愿意”,用于礼貌地提出要求或表示愿意提供帮助,后面接名词、代词或动词不定式,不能跟动词-ing形式。eg:
We would like a cup of tea. 我们想喝杯茶。
I would like to go. 我愿意去。
(4)feel like和would like都有“想要”之意,但它们的含义和用法有所不同。
①feel like中feel是动词,like是介词,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式,表示“想要”某物或“想要做”某事。eg:
I feel like a drink. 我想要点饮料。
Grandma is ill and she doesn’t feel like eating anything. 奶奶病了,什么也不想吃。
Ifeel like seeing a film this evening. 我今晚想去看电影。
②feel like还有“感到像……,摸起来像……”的意思。eg:
They made me feel like one family. 他们使我感到我像是这个家庭中的一个成员。
This feels like silk. 这东西摸上去像是丝绸。
③It feels like…句式可用来表示天气、时间等,意为“好像要……,似乎是……”。eg:
It feels like rain. 天气好像要下雨。
It feels like tea time. 好像到用茶的时间了。
4. too, also, either, as well与as well as
too, also, either, as well和as well as都可表示“也”,但其用法有所不同。
(1)too 一般用于肯定句和疑问句中,放在句末且常用逗号与前句隔开。too有时可以紧接在主语后面,但其前后都用逗号与句子隔开。另外,在简略答语里too常用于代词宾格之后。eg:
I would like to go there, too. 我也想去那里。
She, too, is a teacher. 她也是一位教师。
——I want to eat an apple. 我想吃个苹果。
——Me, too. 我也想吃。
(2)also是比较正式的用语,经常放在句中,基本规则是在实义动词之前,系动词be之后;如果有助动词或情态动词,一般放在助动词或情态动词之后,表示强调时也可用于句末。eg:
He also works on the farm. 他也在农场工作。
His mother is also a doctor. 他母亲也是医生。
She can also drive a car. 她也会开车。
They are also playing basketball on the playground. 他们也在操场上打篮球。
(3)either 用于否定句中,一般放在句末,肯定句变否定句时,其中的too和also都要改成either。eg:
You don’t know him. I don’t, either. 你不认识他,我也不认识他。
I don’t watch TV, either. 我也没看电视。
(4)as well 用于肯定句,一般放在句末,其前不用逗号与句子隔开。eg:
He speaks English. But he knows French and Chinese as well.
他说英语,但他也懂法语和汉语。
She can swim as well. 她也会游泳。
I can do it as well. 这事我也能做。
(5)as well as 作为连词使用。主要有以下两种用法:
①“除……之外还……”。eg:
George can speak Chinese as well as Japanese. 乔治不仅会说汉语,还会说日语。
They will travel by night as well as by day. 他们要日夜兼程。
②“与……一样”。eg:
It is important for you as well as for me. 它对我和对你一样重要。
She would like to go as well as her friend. 她和她的朋友一样要去。
5. large, big与great
(1)large常用来指面积、体积、容积和数量,不常指人。eg:
Beijing is a large and beautiful city.北京是一座大而美丽的城市。
(2)big 常指体积或面积的大小,也可指人,口语中较常用。eg:
This apple is big and red. 这个苹果又大又红。
Don’t cry. You’re a big boy. 别哭了,你是个大男孩了。
(3)great侧重于抽象化的东西,一般带有主观的看法,表示“伟大的;杰出的”。eg:
China is a great country with a long history. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的伟大的国家。
6. or与and
or为连词,连接并列成分,意为“或”,用于否定句和疑问句中,而and也用作连词,连接并列成分,但一般用于肯定句中。如果句中有三个或三个以上并列成分,and或or只连接最后两个。eg:
I don’t like apples or oranges. 我不喜欢苹果和橘子。
Would he like chicken, beef or mutton? 他想要鸡肉、牛肉还是羊肉?
I like apples and oranges. 我喜欢苹果和橘子。
注意:在否定句中,如果连接的两个词前都有否定词时,则用and,而不用or连接。eg:
It has no arms and no legs.=It has no arms or legs. 它没有胳膊,也没有腿。