论文部分内容阅读
在第二次世界大战之前,种族屠杀并不构成国际法上的犯罪。拉斐尔·莱姆金投身于大屠杀犯罪问题的研究,使种族屠杀罪名化这一执念成为他终身背负的使命。在纳粹德国对犹太人进行屠杀期间,莱姆金呼吁创制惩罚灭绝整个民族及其文明的国际条约。他在《轴心国占领欧洲后的统治》一书中提出了“种族灭绝”(genocide)的法律术语,首次给世人提供了描述杀戮一个族群的词汇。“二战”结束后,莱姆金参加了纽伦堡审判,并成功地促使检察官在起诉书使用了该术语。在他的游说之下,联合国大会于1946年12月11日通过了有关谴责种族灭绝的决议。莱姆金对创制《防止及惩治灭绝种族罪公约》的贡献远超其他任何人。
Prior to the Second World War, genocide did not constitute a crime in international law. Rafael Lymegin devoted himself to studying the crime of genocide, making the notion of genocide a permanent mission of life. While massacring Jews in Nazi Germany, Lymegin called for the creation of an international treaty to punish extermination of the entire nation and its civilization. His “genocide” legal term in his book “The Axis Countries Dominate Europe’s Rule” provided the first time that people were given words describing the killing of one ethnic group. After World War II, Lymegin participated in the Nuremberg trial and successfully prompted the prosecutor to use the term in the indictment. Under his lobbying, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution on December 11, 1946, condemning genocide. Lymegin made far more than any other contribution to the creation of the “Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.”