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目的对某锂离子电池电解质六氟磷酸锂生产项目职业病危害因素进行识别与分析,明确职业病危害因素控制的岗位,提出预防控制措施。方法通过职业卫生调查、职业危害因素检测、职业健康检查等方法分析其危害程度,找出关键控制点。结果该企业的重点职业病危害因素有多聚磷酸、氟化氢、硫酸、三氧化硫、五氟化磷、氟化锂、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、六氟磷酸锂、噪声等。职业病危害发生的关键控点主要有废酸处理过程;氟化氢卸车、转料、取样过程;发烟硫酸卸车、转料过程;五氟化磷合成过程。所检测的职业病危害因素检测结果均低于职业接触限值。接触有害因素工人上岗前职业健康体检均未发现职业禁忌症。结论该建设项目的职业病危害控制措施有效,但应加强职业病危害发生的关键控制点的管理及维护。在提出职业病危害关键控制点和防护要求方面,关键控点分析法具有良好的适用性,可为锂离子电池电解质项目开展职业病危害重点管理提供科学依据。
Objective To identify and analyze the occupational hazards in a Lithium-ion battery electrolyte lithium hexafluorophosphate production project, clarify the positions controlled by occupational hazards and put forward preventive and control measures. Methods Through occupational health survey, occupational hazards test, occupational health examination and other methods to analyze the degree of harm and find out the key control points. Results The key occupational hazards of the enterprise were polyphosphoric acid, hydrogen fluoride, sulfuric acid, sulfur trioxide, phosphorus pentafluoride, lithium fluoride, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, noise and so on. The key control points of occupational hazards are mainly waste acid treatment process; hydrogen fluoride unloading, transfer, sampling process; oleum unloading, transfer process; phosphorus pentafluoride synthesis process. The test results of occupational hazards detected were lower than the occupational exposure limits. Exposure to harmful factors Occupational health examination before employment workers found no job contraindications. Conclusion The control measures of occupational hazards in this project are effective, but the management and maintenance of key control points of occupational hazards should be strengthened. The key control point analysis method has good applicability in proposing the key control points and protection requirements of occupational hazards and can provide a scientific basis for the key management of occupational hazards in lithium-ion battery electrolyte projects.