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拉尔夫.林顿对于美国远征军的相关描述和理论构拟,对于图腾制度的传统定义不啻为一种挑战和颠覆。研究显示,图腾制度不仅存在于遥远的部落文明,同时也能在相对晚近的西方现代文明中找到对应的图腾化过程。本文通过回溯林顿的相关研究,抽离出美国远征军在图腾化过程中表现出来的基本特性,同时将该过程中的多远特点与图腾制度的基本定义进行关联,进而论证了林顿关于图腾制度的基本观点:作为相似的文化现象,美国远征军的图腾化过程与原始的图腾制度都是同类的社会和超自然主义倾向的结果。
Ralph Clinton’s description and theoretical formulation of the expeditionary force of the United States poses a challenge and subversive to the traditional definition of the totem system. Research shows that the totemic system exists not only in far-off tribal civilizations but also in the relatively recent western modern civilization to find the corresponding totemization process. By reviewing the related research of Linton, this paper draws out the basic characteristics that the expeditionary forces of the United States showed in the process of totemination, and at the same time, it relates the characteristics of the process to the basic definition of the totem system, The basic view of the totemic system: As a similar cultural phenomenon, the totemization process of the U.S. Expeditionary Force and the original totemism system are the result of similar social and supernatural tendencies.