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【摘 要】《呼嘯山庄》是勃朗特三姐妹中的艾米丽勃朗特所写，艾米丽死于1848年，年仅三十岁，十九世纪的时候《呼啸山庄》已经是一部非常出名的小说了。尽管读者会被书中主人公希斯克利夫爱恨情感所震惊，这个故事不是简单的爱恨情仇，它有太多的其他因素，激发读者去对它进行进一步的研究。恨不能让爱消失，爱的力量比恨更强大。这篇论文将对希斯克利夫的爱恨情感进行赏析。
【关键词】爱；恨；复仇
1. The Most Important Character of Wuthering Heights
1.1 Heathcliff’s Brief Introduction
Wuthering Heights centers on the story of Heathcliff. He is an orphan who is brought to live at Wuthering Heights by Mr. Earnshaw. Heathcliff falls into an intense unbreakable love with Mr. Earnshaw’s daughter Catherine. After Mr. Earnshaw’s death， his son Hindley abuses Heathcliff and treats him as a servant. Catherine’s marriage to Edgar Linton instead of Heathcliff lights Heathcliff’s hatred. Heathcliff spends most of rest of his life to seek revenge on Hindley， his beloved Catherine， and their respective children （Hareton and young Catherine）
1.2 Introduce Catherine
Catherine is the daughter of Mr. Earnshaw. She falls powerfully in love with Heathcliff. Once she claims that they are the same person， however， her desire for social advancement motivates her to marry Edgar Linton instead. Catherine is free—spirited， beautiful， spoiled and often arrogant. She is torn between her wild passion for Heathcliff and her social ambition. She brings misery to both of the men who love her. （Kermofr Frank， 1974：120）
1.3 Edgar Linton
Edgar Linton is the son of Mr. Linton. Well—bred but rather spoiled as a boy， Edgar Linton grows into a tender， constant， but cowardly man. He is almost the ideal gentleman： Catherine describes his as “handsome”， “pleasant to be with”， “cheerful”， and “rich”. However， these gentlemanly characteristics and his civilized prove useless in the struggle with Heathcliff.
2. The Story of Heathcliff
2.1 The Love Story of Catherine and Heathcliff
Both Catherine and Hindley resent Heathcliff at the very beginning when Heathcliff is brought to live at Wuthering Heights， but Catherine quickly grows to love him. Catherine and Heathcliff become inseparable and Hindley continues to treat Heathcliff cruelly. Mrs. Eaenshaw continues to distrust Heathcliff but Mr. Earnshaw comes to love this boy more than his own son. He sends Hindley away to college because he is disgusted by the conflict between Heathcliff and Hindley. After Mr. Ernshaw’s death， Hindley and his new wife return to Wuthering Heights to become the new master of Wuthering Heights. Hindley begins to take his revenge on Heathcliff， declaring that Heathcliff no longer will be allowed to educate but spend his days working in the field like a common laborer. Burt for the most part of time， Heathcliff and Catherine go off onto the moors together to play when Heathcliff is free from his responsibilities. They love each other deeply at this time. As far as I concerned their love at this period is the most pure even though Hindley treats Heathcliff cruelly. They chat； play together and they treat each other as the most important one. While this situation seems to change after Catherine meets Edgar Linton. One light， Catherine tells Nelly that Edgar Linton has asked her to marry him and that she has accepted. Unnoticed by them， Heathcliff listens to their conversation. Heathcliff hears Catherine tells Nelly that she cannot marry him because Hindley has cast him down so low. However， he is not present to hear Catherine says that she loves him more deeply than anything else in the world. Heathcliff leaves away from Wuthering Heights. Catherine feels miserable and spends the night outdoors in the rain， sobbing and searching for Heathcliff. Three years later， Catherine and Edgar Linton marry. Her desire for a genteel and socially prominent lifestyle guide she marries to Edgar.
About six months after Catherine’s marriage to Edgar， Heathcliff returns home. When he comes to see Catherine， she becomes almost giddy with happiness at the sight of him， and their obvious affection for one another makes Edgar uncomfortable and jealous. Edgar’s sister， Isabella begins to fall in love with Heathcliff. Catherine gets ill because both Heathcliff and Edgar broke her heart and she has become pregnant. Catherine dies within two hours of giving birth to young Catherine and she was buried in a corner of the churchyard overlooking the moors she so loves. Heathcliff is great pained by her death and pleads with her spirit to haunt him for the rest of his life. The passion between the two lovers’ remains rooted in their hearts， impervious to external contingencies.
2.2 The revenge of Heathcliff
2.2.1 The Revenge to Hindley and His Son
When Heathcliff returns home， he takes action of revenge to Hindley. The deeply hatred comes from at the beginning of his life in Wuthering Heights. He teaches Hareton to swear his father. He joins with Hindley in the gambling to set foot on the property. Heathcliff assumes the position of power at Wuthering Heights. When Hindley aimed his knife—gun at Heathcliff， the latter grabs it and fires it back at Hindley’s wrist. Heathcliff beats Hindly severely. Heathcliff torture Hindley until his death.
2.2.2 The Revenge to Catherine
Catherine’s betrayal is the direct cause of Heathcliff’s revenge. On the one hand， Heathcliff loves Catherine so deeply； on the other hand， he hates her of her betrayal deeply. Heathcliff says that he can forgive her for the pain she has caused him， but he can never forgive her for the pain that she causes herself—he adds that she has killed herself through her behavior and that he could never forgive her murderer. 2.2.3 The Revenge to Edgar and His Daughter
Since Heathcliff cannot punish Edgar for causing Catherine’s illness， he punishes Isabella in his place. Heathcliff treats her badly and cruelly. After young Catherine grows up， Heathcliff cheats her to love his son although young Catherine grows up sheltered at Thrushcross Grange. Heathcliff inherits Thrushcross Grange through the marriage of young Catherine and his son. In order to achieve his goal， he even locks young Catherine to live in Wuthering Heights.
2.3 The Love of Heathdiff
Catherine and Healthcliff’s love is rooted in their childhood and is marked by the refusal to change. Their love is based on their shared perception that they are identical. Catherine declares， famously， “I am Heathcliff，” while Heathcliff， upon Catherine’s death， wails that he cannot live without his “soul”， meaning Catherine. Their love denies difference and is strangely asexual. Catherine and Heathcliff’s love is based upon their refusal to change over time or embrace difference in others. Catherine says that she and Heathcliff are such kindred spirits that they are essentially the same person. （Hou， 1973：13） The passion between the two lovers’ remains rooted in their heart， impervious to external contingencies even though he is tortured by his love for Catherine.
2.4 The Hate of Heathcliff
If the strong passion between Heathcliff and Catherine is the center of Wuthering Heights， the hate of him is the center of the novel. His vengeful machinations drive the entire plot， and his death ends the book. The desire to understand him and his motivations has kept countless readers engaged in the novel. Heathcliff seems an almost superhuman figure even at his most oppressed， emerges as a demonically charismatic， powerful， and villainous man， capable of extreme cruelties. He is tortured by his sense that Catherine has betrayed him， and by his hatred of Hindley and the Linton family and Earnshaw’s family for making him seem unworthy of Catherine. Heathcliff abuses the pathetic wretch Hindley， and then he mercilessly abuses the innocent Isabella. He takes strong， even deplorable revenge on the Eamshaw’s and the Linton’s people can hardly condone his actions， and it is also difficult for them not to commiserate with him whether Heathcliff in the novel is that of hero or villain， in some sense， he fulfills both roles. He behaves cruelly and harmfully toward the others； yet because he does so as the pain of his love for Catherine. Heathcliff never because entirely inhuman or incomprehensible， no matter how sadistically he behaves. 3. The Reasons of Heathcliff’s Revenge
3.1 His Initial Idea of Revenge Rising From Hindley’s Maltreatment.
Hindley resents Heathcliff when he is brought to live at Wuthering Heights. Hindley falls into disfavor with his family because he treats Heathcliff cruelly. Even Mr. Earnshaw comes to love the boy more than his own son. After Hindley inherits Wuthering Heights， he immediately seeks revenge on Heathcliff， declaring that Heathcliff no longer would once on orphan. Later Heathcliff becomes a pampered and favored son. While now he finds himself treated as a common laborer， Hindley abuses the young Heathcliff， which becomes an important cause of Heathcliff’s revenge.
3.2 Catherine’s Betrayal Is the Direct Cause
Catharine’s desire for social advancement motivates her to many Edgar Linton even though she loves Heathcliff with all the strength of her being. She once tells Nelly that “she loves him not because he’s handsome， Nelly， but because he’s more myself than l am. Whatever our souls are made of， his and mine are the same， and Linton’s is as different as a moonbeam from lightning， or frost from fire…My great miseries in this world have been Heathcliff’s miseries， and l watched and felt each from the beginning， my great thought in living is himself. If all else perished， and he remained， l should still continue to be； and if all else remained， and he was annihilated， the universe would turn to a mighty stronger： l should not seem a part of it.”（Yuan， 1992：76）
4.The Love and Hatred Deepen the Emotion of Heathcliff
4.1 The Advantage Virtue of Heathcliff’s Emotion
Heathcliff is an evil， powerful， villainous and extreme cruelty man. He behaves cruelly and harmfully toward others. While Heathcliff never becomes entirely inhuman incomprehensible to the reader， two matter how sadistically he behaves. Heathcliff’s perceptions of the world is permeated by Catherine’s presence because he is bound up with Catharine， Heathcliff realizes at last that he would never get through to her real presence by ruining the people and possessions associated with her， which brings Heathcliff a new tranquility， and he begins to be a new one.
4.2 The Revenge and Love of Heathcliff Reflect the Social Background
Heathcliff begins his life as a homeless orphan on the streets of Liverpool， when Emily Bronte composed her book in the 1840s； the English economy was severely depressed. The conditions of the factory works in dustrial areas like Liverpool were appalling that the upper and middle classes feared violent revolt. Many of the more affluent members of society treat these workers with a mixture fleeting of sympathy. In literature， the smoky， miserable factory towns were often compared to hell. Considering this historical context， Heathcliff seems to embody the anxieties that the upper class and middle class had about the working classes. The reader may abuse by Hindley Earnshaw， but he powerless， as a child abuses by Hindley Earnshaw， he becomes a villain when he returns to Wuthering Heights. This corresponds with the ambivalence the upper classes felt toward the lower classes. They feared the lower classes trying to escape their miserable circumstance by acquiring political， social， culture or economic power. 4.3 The Ability Love Melts Hatred
Love and hate is one of the conflicts in Wuthering Heights. Hate can’t make the love disappear. Love is stronger than hate. At last Heathcliff found that he can’t acquire Catherine’s real presence and the love comes back again. Young Catherine and Hareton look forward to a shared life. Their love for one another seems not only to secure happiness for the future， but also to redeem the pain of the past.
5. Conclusion
Emily Bronte shows us the tense conflict of love and hatred in Wuthering Heights .At the same time， she indicates the change and integration of the love and hate of Heathcliff， and the two extreme feelings of the man make Wuthering Heights mysterious. It’s hard for the reader to understand Heathcliff. But the reader also see the ability love melts hatred even though the extreme love and the extreme hate mix together make the novel take on the thick， dramatic color. Hate can’t make the love disappear， Love is stronger than hate.
Bibliography：
[1] Mikker， J.Hillis. In The Disappearance of God： Five Nineteenth-century Writers， Cambridge： Harvard University Press， 1963. 157—211.
[2] Kermofr， Frank. A Modern Way With The Classic： New Literary History， 1974： 415—34.
[3] 侯維瑞（Hou Weirui）. 英国文学通史， 上海外语教育出版社，1999.
[4] 袁翠珍（Yuan Cuizhen）. 一个扭曲的灵魂— 简评《呼啸山庄》的主人公希思克里夫[J]. 淮阴师专学报，1992，（2）.
[5] 侯翠霞（Hou， Cuixia）. 善与恶相共，美与丑转化[J]. 聊城师范学院学 报，1992，（1）.
【关键词】爱；恨；复仇
1. The Most Important Character of Wuthering Heights
1.1 Heathcliff’s Brief Introduction
Wuthering Heights centers on the story of Heathcliff. He is an orphan who is brought to live at Wuthering Heights by Mr. Earnshaw. Heathcliff falls into an intense unbreakable love with Mr. Earnshaw’s daughter Catherine. After Mr. Earnshaw’s death， his son Hindley abuses Heathcliff and treats him as a servant. Catherine’s marriage to Edgar Linton instead of Heathcliff lights Heathcliff’s hatred. Heathcliff spends most of rest of his life to seek revenge on Hindley， his beloved Catherine， and their respective children （Hareton and young Catherine）
1.2 Introduce Catherine
Catherine is the daughter of Mr. Earnshaw. She falls powerfully in love with Heathcliff. Once she claims that they are the same person， however， her desire for social advancement motivates her to marry Edgar Linton instead. Catherine is free—spirited， beautiful， spoiled and often arrogant. She is torn between her wild passion for Heathcliff and her social ambition. She brings misery to both of the men who love her. （Kermofr Frank， 1974：120）
1.3 Edgar Linton
Edgar Linton is the son of Mr. Linton. Well—bred but rather spoiled as a boy， Edgar Linton grows into a tender， constant， but cowardly man. He is almost the ideal gentleman： Catherine describes his as “handsome”， “pleasant to be with”， “cheerful”， and “rich”. However， these gentlemanly characteristics and his civilized prove useless in the struggle with Heathcliff.
2. The Story of Heathcliff
2.1 The Love Story of Catherine and Heathcliff
Both Catherine and Hindley resent Heathcliff at the very beginning when Heathcliff is brought to live at Wuthering Heights， but Catherine quickly grows to love him. Catherine and Heathcliff become inseparable and Hindley continues to treat Heathcliff cruelly. Mrs. Eaenshaw continues to distrust Heathcliff but Mr. Earnshaw comes to love this boy more than his own son. He sends Hindley away to college because he is disgusted by the conflict between Heathcliff and Hindley. After Mr. Ernshaw’s death， Hindley and his new wife return to Wuthering Heights to become the new master of Wuthering Heights. Hindley begins to take his revenge on Heathcliff， declaring that Heathcliff no longer will be allowed to educate but spend his days working in the field like a common laborer. Burt for the most part of time， Heathcliff and Catherine go off onto the moors together to play when Heathcliff is free from his responsibilities. They love each other deeply at this time. As far as I concerned their love at this period is the most pure even though Hindley treats Heathcliff cruelly. They chat； play together and they treat each other as the most important one. While this situation seems to change after Catherine meets Edgar Linton. One light， Catherine tells Nelly that Edgar Linton has asked her to marry him and that she has accepted. Unnoticed by them， Heathcliff listens to their conversation. Heathcliff hears Catherine tells Nelly that she cannot marry him because Hindley has cast him down so low. However， he is not present to hear Catherine says that she loves him more deeply than anything else in the world. Heathcliff leaves away from Wuthering Heights. Catherine feels miserable and spends the night outdoors in the rain， sobbing and searching for Heathcliff. Three years later， Catherine and Edgar Linton marry. Her desire for a genteel and socially prominent lifestyle guide she marries to Edgar.
About six months after Catherine’s marriage to Edgar， Heathcliff returns home. When he comes to see Catherine， she becomes almost giddy with happiness at the sight of him， and their obvious affection for one another makes Edgar uncomfortable and jealous. Edgar’s sister， Isabella begins to fall in love with Heathcliff. Catherine gets ill because both Heathcliff and Edgar broke her heart and she has become pregnant. Catherine dies within two hours of giving birth to young Catherine and she was buried in a corner of the churchyard overlooking the moors she so loves. Heathcliff is great pained by her death and pleads with her spirit to haunt him for the rest of his life. The passion between the two lovers’ remains rooted in their hearts， impervious to external contingencies.
2.2 The revenge of Heathcliff
2.2.1 The Revenge to Hindley and His Son
When Heathcliff returns home， he takes action of revenge to Hindley. The deeply hatred comes from at the beginning of his life in Wuthering Heights. He teaches Hareton to swear his father. He joins with Hindley in the gambling to set foot on the property. Heathcliff assumes the position of power at Wuthering Heights. When Hindley aimed his knife—gun at Heathcliff， the latter grabs it and fires it back at Hindley’s wrist. Heathcliff beats Hindly severely. Heathcliff torture Hindley until his death.
2.2.2 The Revenge to Catherine
Catherine’s betrayal is the direct cause of Heathcliff’s revenge. On the one hand， Heathcliff loves Catherine so deeply； on the other hand， he hates her of her betrayal deeply. Heathcliff says that he can forgive her for the pain she has caused him， but he can never forgive her for the pain that she causes herself—he adds that she has killed herself through her behavior and that he could never forgive her murderer. 2.2.3 The Revenge to Edgar and His Daughter
Since Heathcliff cannot punish Edgar for causing Catherine’s illness， he punishes Isabella in his place. Heathcliff treats her badly and cruelly. After young Catherine grows up， Heathcliff cheats her to love his son although young Catherine grows up sheltered at Thrushcross Grange. Heathcliff inherits Thrushcross Grange through the marriage of young Catherine and his son. In order to achieve his goal， he even locks young Catherine to live in Wuthering Heights.
2.3 The Love of Heathdiff
Catherine and Healthcliff’s love is rooted in their childhood and is marked by the refusal to change. Their love is based on their shared perception that they are identical. Catherine declares， famously， “I am Heathcliff，” while Heathcliff， upon Catherine’s death， wails that he cannot live without his “soul”， meaning Catherine. Their love denies difference and is strangely asexual. Catherine and Heathcliff’s love is based upon their refusal to change over time or embrace difference in others. Catherine says that she and Heathcliff are such kindred spirits that they are essentially the same person. （Hou， 1973：13） The passion between the two lovers’ remains rooted in their heart， impervious to external contingencies even though he is tortured by his love for Catherine.
2.4 The Hate of Heathcliff
If the strong passion between Heathcliff and Catherine is the center of Wuthering Heights， the hate of him is the center of the novel. His vengeful machinations drive the entire plot， and his death ends the book. The desire to understand him and his motivations has kept countless readers engaged in the novel. Heathcliff seems an almost superhuman figure even at his most oppressed， emerges as a demonically charismatic， powerful， and villainous man， capable of extreme cruelties. He is tortured by his sense that Catherine has betrayed him， and by his hatred of Hindley and the Linton family and Earnshaw’s family for making him seem unworthy of Catherine. Heathcliff abuses the pathetic wretch Hindley， and then he mercilessly abuses the innocent Isabella. He takes strong， even deplorable revenge on the Eamshaw’s and the Linton’s people can hardly condone his actions， and it is also difficult for them not to commiserate with him whether Heathcliff in the novel is that of hero or villain， in some sense， he fulfills both roles. He behaves cruelly and harmfully toward the others； yet because he does so as the pain of his love for Catherine. Heathcliff never because entirely inhuman or incomprehensible， no matter how sadistically he behaves. 3. The Reasons of Heathcliff’s Revenge
3.1 His Initial Idea of Revenge Rising From Hindley’s Maltreatment.
Hindley resents Heathcliff when he is brought to live at Wuthering Heights. Hindley falls into disfavor with his family because he treats Heathcliff cruelly. Even Mr. Earnshaw comes to love the boy more than his own son. After Hindley inherits Wuthering Heights， he immediately seeks revenge on Heathcliff， declaring that Heathcliff no longer would once on orphan. Later Heathcliff becomes a pampered and favored son. While now he finds himself treated as a common laborer， Hindley abuses the young Heathcliff， which becomes an important cause of Heathcliff’s revenge.
3.2 Catherine’s Betrayal Is the Direct Cause
Catharine’s desire for social advancement motivates her to many Edgar Linton even though she loves Heathcliff with all the strength of her being. She once tells Nelly that “she loves him not because he’s handsome， Nelly， but because he’s more myself than l am. Whatever our souls are made of， his and mine are the same， and Linton’s is as different as a moonbeam from lightning， or frost from fire…My great miseries in this world have been Heathcliff’s miseries， and l watched and felt each from the beginning， my great thought in living is himself. If all else perished， and he remained， l should still continue to be； and if all else remained， and he was annihilated， the universe would turn to a mighty stronger： l should not seem a part of it.”（Yuan， 1992：76）
4.The Love and Hatred Deepen the Emotion of Heathcliff
4.1 The Advantage Virtue of Heathcliff’s Emotion
Heathcliff is an evil， powerful， villainous and extreme cruelty man. He behaves cruelly and harmfully toward others. While Heathcliff never becomes entirely inhuman incomprehensible to the reader， two matter how sadistically he behaves. Heathcliff’s perceptions of the world is permeated by Catherine’s presence because he is bound up with Catharine， Heathcliff realizes at last that he would never get through to her real presence by ruining the people and possessions associated with her， which brings Heathcliff a new tranquility， and he begins to be a new one.
4.2 The Revenge and Love of Heathcliff Reflect the Social Background
Heathcliff begins his life as a homeless orphan on the streets of Liverpool， when Emily Bronte composed her book in the 1840s； the English economy was severely depressed. The conditions of the factory works in dustrial areas like Liverpool were appalling that the upper and middle classes feared violent revolt. Many of the more affluent members of society treat these workers with a mixture fleeting of sympathy. In literature， the smoky， miserable factory towns were often compared to hell. Considering this historical context， Heathcliff seems to embody the anxieties that the upper class and middle class had about the working classes. The reader may abuse by Hindley Earnshaw， but he powerless， as a child abuses by Hindley Earnshaw， he becomes a villain when he returns to Wuthering Heights. This corresponds with the ambivalence the upper classes felt toward the lower classes. They feared the lower classes trying to escape their miserable circumstance by acquiring political， social， culture or economic power. 4.3 The Ability Love Melts Hatred
Love and hate is one of the conflicts in Wuthering Heights. Hate can’t make the love disappear. Love is stronger than hate. At last Heathcliff found that he can’t acquire Catherine’s real presence and the love comes back again. Young Catherine and Hareton look forward to a shared life. Their love for one another seems not only to secure happiness for the future， but also to redeem the pain of the past.
5. Conclusion
Emily Bronte shows us the tense conflict of love and hatred in Wuthering Heights .At the same time， she indicates the change and integration of the love and hate of Heathcliff， and the two extreme feelings of the man make Wuthering Heights mysterious. It’s hard for the reader to understand Heathcliff. But the reader also see the ability love melts hatred even though the extreme love and the extreme hate mix together make the novel take on the thick， dramatic color. Hate can’t make the love disappear， Love is stronger than hate.
Bibliography：
[1] Mikker， J.Hillis. In The Disappearance of God： Five Nineteenth-century Writers， Cambridge： Harvard University Press， 1963. 157—211.
[2] Kermofr， Frank. A Modern Way With The Classic： New Literary History， 1974： 415—34.
[3] 侯維瑞（Hou Weirui）. 英国文学通史， 上海外语教育出版社，1999.
[4] 袁翠珍（Yuan Cuizhen）. 一个扭曲的灵魂— 简评《呼啸山庄》的主人公希思克里夫[J]. 淮阴师专学报，1992，（2）.
[5] 侯翠霞（Hou， Cuixia）. 善与恶相共，美与丑转化[J]. 聊城师范学院学 报，1992，（1）.