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理想的附加剂应无毒性、刺激性、抗原性、致敏性、热原性及溶血性,亦应无药理活性,不损害主药的疗效,但真正符合这些条件的附加剂是不多的。目前几乎所有的药物说明书中都没有注明该制剂的附加剂名称及其用量,所以临床在总结药物毒副反应,或发现老药新用途和治疗过程中出现的一些与药物无关的生理效应,以及在多种药物伍用过程中,大多都忽视了附加剂的作用与影响。附加剂在某种意义上来讲属于药品中的杂质,对药物的疗效或药物相互配伍中的影响是很大的。本文简要介绍这方面的知识。一、部分附加剂的生理效应和毒性作用 (一)亚硫酸盐亚硫酸盐是注射剂中最常见的抗氧剂,在体外实验中有着强烈的生理作用,微量的亚硫酸氢钠和亚硫酸钠均显著延长部分活化凝血活酶时间(aPTT)和凝血酶原时间(PT),这种影响是SO_3~= 本身的作用。浓度极低的亚硫酸氢钠就能完全阻碍尿
Ideal additives should be non-toxic, irritating, antigenic, allergenic, pyrogenic and hemolytic, should also be no pharmacological activity, does not harm the efficacy of the main drug, but really meet the conditions of the additive is small . At present, almost all the drug manuals do not indicate the name and amount of the additive of the preparation. Therefore, in clinical trials of toxic side effects of the drugs or some new drug-unrelated physiological effects discovered during the new use and treatment of the old drug, And in the course of a variety of drugs, most of them ignored the role of additives and influence. Additives in a sense belong to the impurities in drugs, the effect of drugs or drug compatibility is great. This article briefly introduces this area of knowledge. First, the physiological effects of some of the additives and toxic effects (A) sulfite Sulfite is the most common injection of anti-oxidants, in vitro experiments have a strong physiological role of traces of sodium bisulfite and sodium sulfite were significant Prolongs some of the activated thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT), this effect is the role of SO 3 ~ = itself. Very low concentrations of sodium bisulfite can completely hinder the urine