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目的:通过问卷调查方法研究跳伞训练中空降兵新兵心理应激状态及其变化规律,为心理卫生工作及提高军事训练效率提供科学依据。方法:应用心理健康症状问卷(SCL-90)、跳伞心理应激问卷对165名空降兵新兵跳伞员进行心理测评。结果:伞训结束时,“强迫”、“人际”、“抑郁”、“恐怖”、“偏执”、“精神病性”等因子分及总分明显低于伞训前(P<0.05)。跳伞心理应激问卷除第1次与第2次、第2次与第3次、第4次与第5次之间外,前5次之间以及前5次与后5次之间得分均有显著性差异,随着跳伞次数增加,平均值逐渐降低;后5次测试结果无显著性差异。SCL-90各因子分与不同时点跳伞心理应激问卷得分多数呈轻至较高度正相关(r:0.21~0.70);SCL-90总分与各次跳伞心理应激强度均呈中度以上相关(r:0.45~0.68)。不同时点心理应激相关性分析显示,前2次与第10次的相关性较弱(r=0.36,0.39),越往后相关性越高,第4、5、6、7、8、9次与第10次间均呈较高度或高度相关(r:0.62~0.88)。结论:伞训应激对新兵心理健康有明显损伤,随着跳伞次数的增加,心理应激状态逐渐缓解适应,5次跳伞后进入较平稳的一般应激水平。新兵前5次跳伞应作为心理障碍、伞训事故及训练伤发生的重点防范期。保证一定数量的跳伞训练次数是必要的。心理应激水平与适应力存在较稳定的个体差异。
OBJECTIVE: To study the psychological stress state and its changing rules of recruits in parachuting training by means of questionnaire, and provide scientific basis for mental health work and improving the efficiency of military training. Methods: Using the questionnaire of mental health (SCL-90) and parachute psychological stress questionnaire, 165 parachutists of airborne recruits were subjected to psychological evaluation. Results: At the end of parachute training, scores of factors such as forcing, interpersonal, depression, horror, paranoid, psychosis were significantly lower than those before parachute training (P <0.05). Parachute psychological stress questionnaire in addition to 1st and 2nd, 2nd and 3rd, 4th and 5th between the first 5 and between the first 5 and after 5 scores There are significant differences, with the increase in the number of parachutes, the average gradually decreased; the results of the latter five times no significant difference. The score of SCL-90 was positively correlated with the score of parachute psychological stress questionnaire at different time points (r: 0.21-0.70). The total score of SCL-90 and the psychological stress intensity of each parachute were all moderate Correlation (r: 0.45 ~ 0.68). Correlation analysis of psychological stress at different time points showed that there was a weak correlation between the first two times and the tenth (r = 0.36, 0.39), the higher the correlation was, the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, 9 times and 10 times were higher or highly correlated (r: 0.62 ~ 0.88). CONCLUSIONS: Umbrella training stress significantly damages the mental health of recruits. With the increase of the number of parachutes, the state of psychological stress gradually eases and adapts. After 5 times of parachute jumping, it enters into a relatively steady general stress level. Recruiting the first 5 times as recruits should be psychological barriers, parasailing training and injury training focus of prevention. It is necessary to ensure that a certain number of parachuting training times. Psychological stress level and resilience exist more stable individual differences.