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环境公益诉讼是一种新类型的诉讼,是当环境作为一种公共利益遭受侵害或有被侵害的危害时,法律允许公民或团体为维护环境公共利益而向法院提起诉讼的制度。环境公益诉讼的理论基础有公共信托理论、“私人检察总长”理论、人民主权理论。构建环境公益诉讼制度应当明确起诉主体,完善证明标准,确立诉讼费用的承担与奖励制度。环境公益诉讼有利于环境问题的解决,确保公众积极参与环境保护,对建设生态文明具有重要的现实意义。
Environmental public interest litigation is a new type of litigation, which is a system that allows citizens or groups to sue in court for the protection of environmental public interests when the environment is harmed as a public interest or infringed upon. The theoretical foundation of environmental public interest litigation is public trust theory, “private procuratorial chief” theory and the theory of popular sovereignty. The construction of public interest litigation system should clarify the subject of prosecution, improve the standard of proof and establish the system of commitment and reward of litigation costs. Environmental public interest litigation is conducive to the solution of environmental problems, and ensuring the public’s active participation in environmental protection are of great practical significance to the construction of ecological civilization.