古汉语中的使动用法,使得动词和宾语的关系跟一般的动宾关系不同,含有“使它怎样”的意思。常常有这样的情况:同一个动词,有时是一般用法,即动作由主语发出,有时却是使动用法,即动作是由主语使宾语发出。这就需要我们细心加以分析,才能准确翻译成现代汉语。请看下面两个例句: ①张良是时从沛公。 (《鸿九宴》) ②沛公旦日从百余骑来见项王。(同上) 例①的“从”是一般用法,是主语“张良”发出的动作,全句译为“张良这时跟随着沛公”;例②的“从”是使 The usage of verbs in ancient Chinese makes the relationship between verbs and objects different from the general verb-object relationship and contains the meaning of “how to make it”. It is often the case that the same verb is sometimes used in a general way, that is, an action is sent out by the subject, and sometimes it is an action, that is, the action is made by the subject to make the object. This requires us to carefully analyze it in order to accurately translate into modern Chinese. Please see the following two example sentences: 1 Zhang Liang is from Pei Gong. (“Hong Jiu Ban”) 2 Pei Gong once day ride from more than 100 to see Xiang Wang. (ibid.) The “congruent” of Example 1 is a general usage. It is the action sent by the subject “Zhang Liang”. The entire sentence is translated as “Zhang Liang is followed by Peigong”. The “from” of Example 2 is